Performance Outcomes For Law Enforcement Officers

Performance Outcomes For Law Enforcement Officers bscharf

Professionalism

Professionalism

Performance Outcome 1.1

Maintain knowledge of law enforcement work.

Training Objective Related to 1.1.

1. Given a written exercise, identify reasons why a law enforcement officer should maintain knowledge of law enforcement work, and resources available to assist with this.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

1.1.1. Three reasons to maintain knowledge of law enforcement work. 

1.1.2. Three resources and materials which a law enforcement officer could utilize to maintain knowledge of law enforcement work.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Reasons to maintain knowledge of law enforcement work:

a. Current information may impact on legality of arrests

b. New methods and technologies may offer improvements to procedures

c. Desire and dedication to doing a job well requires current knowledge

d. Professionalism comes through to the public from a knowledgeable officer

e. Current knowledge impacts the ability to move for career development 

f. Knowledge of new techniques and procedures may enhance the ability to assist prosecutors in obtaining convictions

2. Resources and materials which a law enforcement officer could utilize to maintain knowledge of law enforcement work:

a. Code of Virginia

b. Periodicals

c. Attorney General opinions

d. Federal, state Supreme Court decisions

e. Networking with other officers

f. FBI law enforcement bulletin

g. Magistrates Handbook (code index)

h. Gould book

i. Bureau of National Affairs law enforcement officer pocket manual

j. Department library/counsel/publications/policies and procedures

k. Legislative updates/selected acts

l. Virginia Supreme Court summaries of case decisions

m. In-service schools 

n. Local ordinances 

o. National Criminal Justice Reference Service 

p. Department of Criminal Justice Services 

q. Others as may be identified

Performance Outcome 1. 2.

Maintain a professional appearance with respect to clothing, grooming, and equipment.

Training Objectives Related to 1. 2.

1. Given a practical exercise, the trainee will be inspected to meet academy standards for clothing, grooming, and equipment.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

1.2.1. Professional appearance for a law enforcement officer regarding clothing and grooming.

1.2.2. Professional appearance for a law enforcement officer regarding personal equipment.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Professional appearance for a law enforcement officer regarding clothing and grooming.

2. Professional appearance for a law enforcement officer regarding personal equipment.

3. The importance to public perception of professionalism by presenting a well-groomed appearance for clothing and equipment.

4. The importance of establishing departmental esprit de corps by presenting a well-groomed appearance.

Performance Outcome 1.3.

Attend briefings or roll calls.

Training Objectives Related to 1.3.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the purpose for conducting briefings or roll calls.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

1.3.1. Reasons for attendance at briefings or roll calls:

1.3.1.1. Communication exchanges between shifts as preparation for patrol

1.3.1.2. Duty assignments and/or changes

1.3.1.3. Current information covered

1.3.1.4. Opportunity for questions/clarification

1.3.1.5. Others as may be identified.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Reasons for attendance at briefings or roll calls:

a. Communication exchanges between shifts as preparation for patrol

b. Duty assignments and/or changes

c. Current information covered

d. Opportunity for questions/clarification

e. Others as may be identified.

Performance Outcome 1. 4.

Maintain a courteous relationship with the public to foster a positive community relationship.

Training Objectives Related to 1. 4.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the impact that common courtesy may have regarding the relationship between law enforcement and the community.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

1.4.1. Reasons to foster a positive relationship between law enforcement and the public.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Reasons to foster a positive relationship between law enforcement and the public:

a. Develop and maintain open communications between law enforcement and the community

b. Reduce fear and mistrust by some members of the public, especially recent immigrants whose experience with law enforcement in other countries has been negative 

c. Enhance the officer’s ability to function as effectively as possible in carrying out daily duties 

d. Others, as may be identified.

2. Consequences that may result from a failure of common courtesy:

a. Lack of respect on the part of the officer toward a member of the public has a ripple effect beyond the immediate situation, i.e., the public may fail to call for assistance for an officer in trouble or ignore reporting crime

b. Negative attitudes toward law enforcement in general may develop from the actions of one officer

c. The officer’s ability to function effectively in carrying out daily duties will diminish should the officer become known as lacking in common courtesy

d. Others, as may be identified.

Performance Outcome 1. 5.

Behave in a fair and positive manner to develop and maintain a trust relationship with the citizenry.

Training Objectives Related to 1. 5.

Given a written exercise:

1. Identify the requirements for professionalism in law enforcement that impact the officer’s knowledge, skill, and ability to behave in a fair and positive manner.

2. Identify the requirements that will assist in developing and maintaining a trust relationship with the citizenry.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

1.5.1. Principles that define a profession.

1.5.2. Historical evolution of law enforcement in the United States.

1.5.3. Three elements of the criminal justice system.

1.5.4. The place of law enforcement and criminal justice in the structure of government.

1.5.5. The role of ethics in law enforcement:

1.5.5.1. General principles of ethics

1.5.5.2. Law Enforcement Code of Ethics:

1.5.5.2.1. Officer behavior

1.5.5.2.2. Officer dedication

1.5.5.2.3 Career development.

1.5.6. Methods of handling violations of professional, ethical, or legal standards of conduct on the part of fellow officers.

1.5.7. Positive and negative aspects of discretionary enforcement of laws.

1.5.8. Positive and negative influences of a law enforcement career on an officer’s personal life.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Identify principles that define a profession.

2. Identify the historical evolution of law enforcement in the United States:

a. Establishment of police force

b. Oath of office

c. Constitution and Bill of Rights.

3. Identify the three elements of the criminal justice system:

a. Courts:

1.  Federal system:

a. U. S. District Court 

b. U. S. Court of Appeals for the # Circuit (example: U. S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit – Virginia is in this circuit)

c. U.S. Supreme Court

2.  State system:

a. Magistrates

b.  General District Courts

c. Circuit Courts 

d. Virginia Court of Appeals

e. Virginia Supreme Court

b.  Law Enforcement:

1.  Federal officers (in general)

2.  Sheriffs

3.  Police (local and state)

4. Other law enforcement agents

c.  Corrections:

1. Local corrections (jails, detention facilities)

2. State corrections.

4. Identify the place of law enforcement and criminal justice in the structure of government.

5. Define the role of ethics in law enforcement:

a. Identify two general principles of ethics that may assist an officer in making ethical judgments. 

b. Review the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics and its impact on the following:

1. Officer behavior on duty:

a. Reverence for the law

b.  Crime prevention

c.  Respect for the public

d.  Impartial law enforcement

e.  Attempt to use minimum force necessary to effect an arrest

f. Report only the truth

g. Testify only the truth

h. Never use public office for private gain

i. Strive to perform at maximum efficiency

j.  Never misuse police resources or confidential information.

2.  Officer behavior off-duty:

a.  Practice good citizenship, i.e., youth volunteer work, assist neighbors, be active in schools, etc. 

b. Maintain self-control, fair play and discipline in such areas as avoiding disputes, excessive use of alcohol, prejudicial conduct or interaction with people of different ethnic, religious, sexual and similar preferences, illegal gambling and others that may be identified.

3.  Officer dedication:

a.  Self (taking care of you will help you care for others)

b. Family

c.  Office

d.  Community

e.  State

f.  Country

4.  Career development:

a.  In-service training

b.  Resources for individual efforts:

1. Reading

2. Seeking out other law enforcement training

3. Using educational resources such as college courses

4. Others that may be identified.

6. Identify methods of handling violations of professional, ethical, or legal standards of conduct on the part of fellow officers.

7. Identify the positive and negative aspects of discretionary enforcement of laws.

a. Positive aspect: Give consideration to the violation and the violator, i.e., an elderly citizen on a fixed income may inadvertently run a red light and will benefit from a verbal warning rather than a ticket.

b. Negative aspect: Citizens watching an officer may conceive his enforcement of traffic laws is unfair when the officer allows a prominent citizen driving under the influence to simply park his vehicle and take a cab rather than arresting the violator.

8. Identify positive and negative influences of a law enforcement career on an officer’s personal life: 

a. Positive influences include, but are not limited to: 

1. Providing a role model to citizens, especially children 

2.  Saving lives 

3.  Preventing crime

4.  Safeguarding the principles of our nation as noted in the Constitution and the Bill of Rights 

5.  Others as may be identified.

b. Negative influences include, but are not limited to: 

1.  Constantly facing the possibility of death or serious injury 

2.  Divorce or strains on family relationships 

3.  Alcoholism 

4.  Mental health problems ranging from chronic stress to depression with the possibility of suicide 

5.  Others, as may be identified.

c. Bias:

1.  Define bias

2. Define discrimination

3.  Identify consequences of bias based policing

4.  Identify consequences of impartial law enforcement 

5.  Identify methods that an officer may use to prevent bias from determining a law enforcement intervention.

bscharf

Legal Issues

Legal Issues

Performance Outcome 2. 1.

Respond to request for service by determining whether the facts are civil or criminal.

Training Objectives Relating to 2. 1.

1. Given a written exercise, identify actions as civil or criminal matters.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.1.1. Define civil matter as an act that neither affects the common interest nor the community, nor does it violate a law or ordinance.

2.1.2. Define criminal matter as a violation of any law or ordinance that subjects the offender to public punishment.

2.1.3. Evaluate facts of a situation to determine if it is a civil or criminal matter by complying with statutory definitions of civil vs. criminal. 

2.1.4. Identify the resources for assistance in a civil matter.

2.1.5. Identify parameters for use of discretion by a law enforcement officer relating to a violation of law.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define civil matter as an act that neither affects the common interest nor the community, nor does it violate a law or ordinance.

Case reference: Commonwealth v. Webb, 27 Va. (6 Rand.) 726 (1828).

2. Define criminal matter as a violation of any law or ordinance that subjects the offender to public punishment.

Case reference: Jernigan v. Commonwealth, 104 Va. 850, 52 SE 361 (1905).

3. Evaluate facts of a situation to determine if it is a civil or criminal matter by complying with statutory definitions of civil vs. criminal.

4. Identify the resources for assistance in a civil matter.

a. The person may go to the clerk of the district court or an attorney for assistance.

5. Identify parameters for use of discretion by a law enforcement officer relating to a violation of law.

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they must identify department policy relating to explaining a violation of county or municipal ordinances that is the basis for a summons to the violator.  Advise trainees that they must identify department policy relating to use of discretion regarding a violation of law.

Performance Outcome 2. 2.

Research and acquire necessary information from relevant legal materials.

Training Objectives Related to 2. 2.

1. Given a written or practical exercise, identify crimes, code sections, classes of felonies and classes of misdemeanors.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.2.1. Given a written or practical exercise where the trainee is given the facts of a crime, identify the crime and code section using the Code of Virginia.

2.2.2. Given a written exercise, identify the classes of felonies and their punishments.

2.2.3. Given a written exercise, identify the classes of misdemeanors and their punishments.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. The types of laws and general subjects contained within the Code of Virginia:

a. Identify the classes of felonies and their punishments.

b. Identify the classes of misdemeanors and their punishments.

c. Differentiate between actual and attempted felonies and misdemeanors.

2. Index to the Code of Virginia.

3. The impact of case law on statutory law.

4. The difference between common law and statutory law.

Performance Outcome 2.3

Identify legal documents as civil or criminal in nature to determine the correct law enforcement response.

Training Objectives Related to 2.3

1. Given a written or practical exercise, identify court and legal documents as civil or criminal in nature and determine the correct law enforcement response.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.3.1. Family Abuse Orders:

2.3.1.1. Emergency Protective Orders (including telephonic orders)

2.3.1.2. Preliminary Protective Orders

2.3.1.3. Permanent Protective Orders

2.3.2. Lease

2.3.3. Mental Health Involuntary Commitment Orders:

2.3.3.1. Emergency Commitment Order

2.3.3.2. Temporary Detention Order

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Family Abuse Orders:

a. Emergency Protective Orders (including telephonic orders)

b. Preliminary Protective Orders

c. Permanent Protective Orders

2. Lease

3. Mental Health Involuntary Commitment Orders:

a. Emergency Commitment Order

b. Temporary Detention Order

4. Consult with supervisor if uncertain about any court or legal document.

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they must identify filing and record keeping procedures for court and legal documents within their department as part of their department training.

Performance Outcome 2. 4.

Obtain an arrest warrant from proper authority.

Training Objectives Related to 2. 4.

1. Given a written or practical exercise, identify the proper authority from whom to obtain an arrest warrant, the information that must be presented to support a warrant, and return requirements.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following: 

2.4.1. Identify the proper authorities from which an arrest warrant may be obtained according to 19.2-71 and Rule 3A:3 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Virginia.

2.4.2. Identify the information that must be provided to support a warrant.

2.4.3. Return arrest warrant conforming to statutory requirements. 

2.4.4. Circumstances under which a felony warrant may be issued by a magistrate on a citizen complaint.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. The proper authorities from which an arrest warrant may be obtained according to 19.2-71 and Rule 3A:3 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Virginia:

a. Judge

b. Clerk of any circuit, general district, or family court

c. Magistrate

2. The information that must be provided to support a warrant:

a. The crime

b. The facts that support probable cause

c. How these facts relate to the suspect(s)

3. Return of arrest warrant conforming to statutory requirements:

a. Officer endorsement of the warrant

b. Return to a judicial officer with authority to grant bail

4. Circumstances under which a felony warrant may be issued by a magistrate on a citizen complaint.

Performance Outcome 2. 5.

Answer questions regarding the progress of a case according to rules of privacy and security controlling access to records.

Training Objectives Relating to 2. 5.

1. Given a written exercise, identify basic laws governing rules of privacy and security to control access to records.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.5.1. Freedom of Information Act principles.

2.5.2. Privacy Act principles.

2.5.3. Statutes relating to criminal history records/juvenile information.

2.5.4. Statutes relating to release of information through NCIC or VCIN.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Freedom of Information Act principles (§§2.2-37042.2-3705.22.2-3706, and 2.2-3714).

2. Privacy Act principles (§2.2-3800).

3. Statutes relating to criminal history records/juvenile information (§§15.2-172216.1-300, 16.1-30119.2- 389, and 19.2-389.1).

4. Statutes relating to release of information through NCIC or VCIN (§§19.2-389 and 19.2- 389.1).

Performance Outcome 2. 6.

Take juvenile offenders into custody.

Training Objectives Relating to 2. 6.

1. Given a written exercise, identify constitutional and Code of Virginia requirements for taking juvenile offenders into custody.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.6.1. Define child in need of services and child in need of supervision with Code citations (§16.1-228):

2.6.1.1. Purpose and intent of juvenile law

2.6.1.2. Child in need of supervision or delinquent child

2.6.2. Identify the only instances when a juvenile may be taken into immediate custody according to Code:

2.6.2.1. With a written detention order

2.6.2.2. When the juvenile is in need of services and there is a clear danger to the child’s life or health

2.6.2.3. For a crime committed in the officer’s presence and the officer believes it necessary for the protection of the public

2.6.2.4. For (i) shoplifting, (ii) assault and battery, and (iii) weapon on school property

2.6.2.5. When the juvenile has committed an offense which would be a felony if committed by an adult

2.6.2.6. Runaway or escape from a residential child care facility or home where placed by the Courts or other agency

2.6.2.7. When the juvenile is in need of inpatient treatment for mental illness

2.6.2.8. Runaway from home or where there is no adult supervision at such hours and under such circumstances where there is a substantial danger to the child’s welfare

2.6.2.9. Curfew violations

2.6.3. Identify the two instances in which a warrant may be issued for a juvenile by a magistrate:

2.6.3.1. On an appeal from a decision of an intake officer

2.6.3.2. When a juvenile is in need of services or delinquent and the court is not open or intake officer is not reasonably available, which means neither the judge nor the intake officer could arrive within one hour after contacted

2.6.4. Identify the procedures to be taken after a juvenile has been placed in custody:

2.6.4.1. When in custody by way of written petition, take juvenile before judge or intake officer

2.6.4.2. When in custody by reason of need of services, protection of the public, or shoplifting, take juvenile before intake officer

2.6.4.3. Warrant is to be delivered forthwith to the Juvenile & Domestic Relations Court

2.6.4.4. Summonses to be given to child and parents and/or guardians

2.6.5. Identify the requirements for the separation of juveniles from other prisoners:

2.6.5.1. Child must be kept entirely separate and removed from adult jail population

2.6.5.2. Child must be transported separately from adults.

2.6.6. Identify the requirement of advising a juvenile of his/her constitutional rights when conducting a custodial interrogation:

2.6.6.1. Juvenile to be advised of right to counsel

2.6.6.2. Same Miranda rights apply as to those of adults, except it is recommended that parent/guardian be present if possible.

2.6.6.3. Statements given at intake are NOT admissible.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define child in need of services and child in need of supervision with Code citations (§16.1-228):

a. Purpose and intent of juvenile law, §16.1-227

b. Child in need of supervision or delinquent child, §16.1-228

2. The only instances when a juvenile may be taken into immediate custody according to Code §16.1-246:

a. With a written detention order

b. When the juvenile is in need of services and there is a clear danger to the child’s life or health

c. For a crime committed in the officer’s presence and the officer believes it necessary for the protection of the public

d. For (i) shoplifting, (ii) assault and battery, and (iii) weapon on school property

e. When the juvenile has committed an offense that would be a felony if committed by an adult

f. Runaway or escape from a residential child care facility or home where placed by the Courts or other agency

g. When the juvenile is in need of inpatient treatment for mental illness

h. Runaway from home or where there is no adult supervision at such hours and under such circumstances where there is a substantial danger to the child’s welfare

i. Curfew violations

3. The two instances in which a warrant may be issued for a juvenile by a magistrate (§16.1-256):

a. On an appeal from a decision of an intake officer

b. When a juvenile is in need of services or delinquent and the court is not opened or intake officer is not reasonably available, (meaning neither the judge nor the intake officer could arrive within one hour after contacted)

4. The procedures to be taken after a juvenile has been placed in custody (§16.1-260 and 16.1-247):

a. When in custody by way of written petition, take juvenile before judge or intake officer

b. When in custody by reason of need of services, protection of the public, or shoplifting, take juvenile before intake officer

c. Warrant is to be delivered forthwith to the J & DR Court

d. Summonses to be given to child and parents and/or guardians (§16.1-263)

e. Fingerprinting and photographing juveniles (§16.1-299).

5. The requirements for the separation of juveniles from other prisoners (§16.1-249(E) and 16.1-254):

a. Child must be kept entirely separate and removed from adult jail population

b. Child must be transported separately from adults.

6. The requirement of advising a juvenile of his/her constitutional rights when conducting a custodial interrogation (§16.1-263):

a. Juvenile to be advised of right to counsel

b. Same Miranda rights apply as to those of adults, except it is recommended that parent/guardian be present if possible.

c. Statements given at intake are NOT admissible (§16.1-261).

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will need to identify department policy and procedure related to handling juvenile complaints and treatment of juvenile offenders as part of department training.

*Special Note: In 2004, the Code of Virginia was amended to require that all duly constituted police authorities shall take fingerprints and photographs of any juvenile who is taken into custody and charged with a delinquent act for which, if committed by an adult, is required to be reported to the Central Criminal Records Exchange pursuant to subsection A of § 19.2-390.

Performance Outcome 2. 7.

Serve mental health commitment papers.

Training Objectives Relating to 2. 7.

1. Given a written exercise, identify Code of Virginia requirements for serving mental health commitment papers (emergency custody orders or temporary detention orders only).

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.7.1. Define emergency custody orders and temporary detention orders and situations in which these would be utilized.

2.7.2. Identify persons having authority to issue an emergency custody order or temporary detention order.

2.7.3. Identify procedures for emergency custody order or temporary detention order return of service.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Definition of emergency custody orders and temporary detention orders and situations in which these would be utilized.

2. Identification of persons having authority to issue an emergency custody order or temporary detention order (judge or magistrate).

3. Procedures for emergency custody order or temporary detention order return of service.

a. Return service promptly to the clerk’s office stating the date and manner of service and to whom service was made

4. Service of mental health commitment papers is the same as service and return of any other civil judicial process.

5. Service is not restricted but is applicable statewide (§8.01-292).

6. Copy of papers must be served to the person to be committed or to a person found at the normal place of abode (§37.2-808 and 37.2-809).

7. Emergency commitments (involuntary detention), (§§37.2-80837.2-80937.2-810).

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they must identify department policy related to administrative handling of cases involving mental illness/abnormal behavior as part of their department training.

Performance Outcome 2. 8.

Apply knowledge of law related to a death.

Training Objectives Relating to 2. 8.

1. Given a written exercise, identify elements of crimes relating to death.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.8.1. Define various types of crimes related to death with elements of the crime and Code citations:

2.8.1.1. Aggravated murder

2.8.1.2. First and second degree murder

2.8.1.3. Felony homicide

2.8.1.4. Voluntary manslaughter

2.8.1.5. Involuntary manslaughter

2.8.2. Define suicide.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define various types of crimes related to death with elements of the crime and Code citations:

a. Aggravated murder, §18.2-31

b. First and second degree murder, §18.2-32 (case law definitions)

c. Felony homicide, §18.2-33

d. Voluntary manslaughter, §18.2-35

e. Involuntary manslaughter, §18.2-36, 18.2-36.1, 18.2-36.2

2. Define suicide.

Performance Outcome 2. 9.

Apply knowledge of law related to a rape or sexual assault.

Training Objectives Relating to 2. 9.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the elements of and crime classifications for various types of sexual assault.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.9.1. Define various types of sexual assault investigations and crime classifications of the offenses with Code citations:

2.9.1.1. Rape

2.9.1.2. Carnal knowledge of a child age 13 up to age15

2.9.1.3. Forcible sodomy

2.9.1.4. Inanimate sexual object penetration

2.9.1.5. Aggravated sexual battery

2.9.1.6. Sexual battery

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define various types of sexual assault investigations, elements of the crimes, and crime classifications of the offenses:

a. Rape, §18.2-61

b. Carnal knowledge of a child age 13 up to age 15, §18.2-63

c. Forcible sodomy, §18.2-67.1

d. Inanimate sexual object penetration, §18.2-67.2

e. Aggravated sexual battery, §18.2-67.3

f. Sexual battery, §18.2-67.4

Performance Outcome 2.10.

Apply knowledge of the law related to robbery.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.10.

1. Given a written exercise, identify elements and crime classifications of robbery with Code citations.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.10.1. Define robbery and the elements of the crime.

2.10.2. Define carjacking and elements of the crime.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan guide should include the following:

1. Define robbery, the elements of the crime, and the punishments. (§18.2-58).

2. Define carjacking, the elements of the crime and the punishments. (§18.2-58.1).

Performance Outcome 2.11.

Apply knowledge of the law related to felony wounding or misdemeanor assault and battery.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.11.

1. Given a written exercise, identify elements of and crime classification for felony wounding or misdemeanor assault and battery with Code citations.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.11.1. Identify elements of felony wounding or battery.

2.11.2. Identify the elements of misdemeanor assault and battery.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Identify elements of felony wounding or battery with Code citations:

a. Malicious wounding or battery (§18.2-51)

b. Unlawful wounding:

1. Shoot, stab, cut, wound or cause bodily injury

2. With intent to maim, disfigure, disable or kill

3. With malice vs. unlawful

2. Identify the elements of misdemeanor assault and battery:

a. Assault: an attempted battery, or threat with the present ability to carry out the threat. 

b. Battery: any rude, angry, or vengeful touching; unlawful touching of persons the age of 13 or over may constitute common law assault and battery (cross-reference sexual battery).

Performance Outcome 2.12.

Apply knowledge of the law related to a residential, commercial, or industrial burglary.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.12.

1. Given a written exercise, identify elements of and crime classifications for a residential, commercial, or industrial burglary.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.12.1. Identify categories related to burglary offenses and the elements of the crimes with Code citations.

2.12.2. Identify elements of trespassing.

2.12.3. Identify elements of unlawful entry.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Identify categories related to burglary offenses and the elements of the crimes with Code citations:

a. Burglary, §18.2-89

b. Entering dwelling house with intent to commit murder, rape, or robbery, §18.2-90

c. Entering dwelling house with intent to commit larceny, assault and battery or other felony, §18.2-91

d. Breaking and entering dwelling house with intent to commit assault or other misdemeanor, §18.2-92

e. Possession of burglarious tools, etc., §18.2-94.

2. Identify elements of trespassing §18.2-119 to 18.2-136.1.

3. Identify elements of unlawful entry §18.2-121.

Performance Outcome 2.13.

Apply knowledge of the law related to a larceny, motor theft, extortion, and embezzlement.

Training Objectives for 2.13.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the elements and crime classifications of larceny, attempted or actual motor vehicle theft, extortion, and embezzlement with Code citations.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.13.1. Define various types of larceny and elements of the crimes.

2.13.2. Distinguish between larceny of a vehicle, unauthorized use of a vehicle and embezzlement of a vehicle.

2.13.3. Define the elements of the crime of receiving, concealing, or buying stolen property.

2.13.4. Identify punishments associated with the crime of receiving, concealing or buying stolen property.

2.13.5. Define extortion and elements of the crime.

2.13.6. Identify punishments associated with the crime of extortion.

2.13.7. Define embezzlement and elements of the crime.

2.13.8. Identify punishments associated with the crime of embezzlement.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define various types of larceny and elements of the crimes with Code citations:

a. Grand larceny, §18.2-95

1. Distinguish between grand larceny of a vehicle, unauthorized use, and embezzlement, §18.2-102,  §18.2-108, §18.2-111 

b. Petit larceny, §18.2-96

1. Third offense a felony

c. Shoplifting and concealing merchandise.

2. Define the elements of the crime involving stolen property with Code citations:

a. Concealing stolen property, §18.2-108

b. Shoplifting, §18.2-103 - 18.2-105

c. Distinguish between the presumption of larceny arising from recent unexplained possession of stolen property and the crime of receiving, buying or concealing stolen property.

3. Identify punishments associated with the crime of larceny:

a. Felony if value is equal to or greater than $1000

b. Misdemeanor if value is less than $1000

c. Subsequent offenses

4. Define extortion and elements of the crime, §18.2-59.

5. Identify punishments associated with the crime of extortion.

6. Define embezzlement and elements of the crime, §18.2-111.

7. Identify punishments associated with the crime of embezzlement.

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will need to identify department policy relating to the handling of shoplifting complaints as part of department training.

Performance Outcome 2.14.

Apply knowledge of the law relating to trespassing, destruction of property/vandalism, or a hate crime.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.14.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the elements of trespassing/destruction of property/vandalism, and hate crimes with Code citations.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.14.1. Define malicious mischief/destruction of property and elements of the crime.

2.14.2. Identify elements of trespassing.

2.14.3. Identify enhanced penalties that may accompany certain crimes based on motives.

2.14.4. Identify other crimes to which §18.2-121 may apply.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define trespassing and elements of the crime with Code citations:

a. Damaging property, §18.2-121 and §18.2-137

b. Unlawfully destroy, deface, damage, or remove without intent to steal another’s property

2. Class I misdemeanor if less than $1000 value.

3. Class 6 felony if $1000 or more.

4. Identify enhanced penalties that may accompany certain crimes based on motives (§18.2-57, §18.2-420, §18.2-121).

5. Identify other crimes to which §18.2-121 may apply.

6. Identify elements of trespassing §18.2-119 to 18.2-136.1 and §18.2-160.2 related to trespassing on public transportation.

Performance Outcome 2.15.

Apply knowledge of the law related to suspicious fires.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.15.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the elements of crimes related to suspicious fires.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.15.1. Define arson and elements of the crime.

2.15.2. Define threat or use of illegal explosive devices and elements of the crime.

2.15.3. Identify other offenses involving burning or use of explosive devices.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define arson and elements of the crime with Code citations, §18.2-77 to §18.2-82.

2. Define threat or use of illegal explosive devices and elements of the crime with Code citations, §18.2-83 to §18.2-85.

3. Identify other offenses involving burning or use of explosive devices.

Performance Outcome 2.16.

Apply knowledge of the law relating to forgery/uttering and counterfeiting.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.16.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the elements and crime classifications relating to forgery/uttering and counterfeiting.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.16.1. Define forgery and uttering and elements of the crime.

2.16.2. Define counterfeiting and elements of the crime.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define forgery and uttering and elements of the crime with Code citations, §18.2-172 .

2. Define counterfeiting and elements of the crime with Code citations, §18.2-170.

Performance Outcome 2.17.

Apply knowledge of the law relating to fraud.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.17.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the elements and crime classifications of fraud.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.17.1. Define fraud and elements of the crime.

2.17.2. Department of Motor Vehicles Fraud § 46.2-105.2

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define fraud and elements of the crime with Code citations, §18.2-186.

2. Department of Motor Vehicles Fraud § 46.2-105.2

Performance Outcome 2.18.

Apply knowledge of the law relating to a weapons/firearm offenses.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.18.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the elements and crime classifications relating to weapons/firearms offenses.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.18.1. Define weapons/firearms offenses and elements of the crimes.

2.18.1.1. Concealed weapons

2.18.1.2. Sawed-off shotguns

2.18.1.3. Possession of firearm by convicted felon

2.18.1.4. Possession of firearm coincident with Schedule I or II drug offense

2.18.1.5. Use or display of firearm during commission of a felony

2.18.1.6. Possession of a firearm while under a protective order

2.18.1.7. Possession of ammunition by a convicted felon.

2.18.2. Prohibition of purchase of firearm by person adjudicated legally incompetent or mentally incompetent (§18.2-308.1:2) or involuntarily admitted to an inpatient facility or involuntarily ordered to outpatient treatment and prohibited from purchasing a firearm pursuant to § 18.2-308.1:3

2.18.3. Prohibition of possession of firearm by person who committed felonies while a juvenile (§18.2-308.2)

2.18.4. Prohibition of possession of firearm by persons not lawfully in United States (§18.2- 308.2:01)

2.18.5. Identify how to determine whether or not a suspect has been subject to involuntary commitment, mandatory outpatient treatment, or been released from voluntary admission after issuance from a temporary detention order and had purchased a weapon, possessed a weapon, or transported a weapon and if so, notify the Central Criminal Records Exchange.

2.18.6. Identify how to determine whether or not a suspect is in violation of §18.2-308.2 (juvenile offender records)

2.18.7. Identify how to determine if the suspect is in violation of §18.2-308.2:01 (illegal alien restrictions)

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define weapons/firearms offenses and elements of the crimes with Code citations,

a. Concealed weapons, §18.2-308

b. Sawed-off shotguns, §18.2-299 to 18.2-307

c. Possession of firearm by convicted felon, §18.2-308.2

d. Possession of firearm coincident with Schedule I or II drug offense, §18.2-308.4

e. Use or display of firearm during commission of a felony, §18.2-53.1

f. Possession of a firearm while under a protective order, §18.2-308.1:4

g. Possession of a machete (§18.2-308) or brandishing a machete (§18.2-282.1)

h. Possession of ammunition by a convicted felon (§18.2-308.2)

2. Prohibition of purchase of firearm by person adjudicated legally incompetent or mentally incompetent (§18.2-308.1:2) or involuntarily admitted to an inpatient facility or involuntarily ordered to outpatient treatment and prohibited from purchasing a firearm pursuant to §18.2-308.1:3

3. Prohibition of possession of firearm by person who committed felonies while a juvenile (§18.2-308.2)

4. Prohibition of possession of firearm by persons not lawfully in United States (§18.2-308.2:01)

5. Identify the legal basis that allows retired officers in good standing to carry a weapon anywhere in the United States and the procedure for identifying oneself as a retired officer.

6. Identify how to determine whether or not a suspect has been subject to involuntary commitment, mandatory outpatient treatment, or been released from voluntary admission after issuance from a temporary detention order and had purchased a weapon, possessed a weapon, or transported a weapon and if so, notify the Central Criminal Records Exchange.

7. Identify how to determine whether or not a suspect is in violation of §18.2-308.2 (juvenile offender records)

8. Identify how to determine if the suspect is in violation of §18.2-308.2:01 (illegal alien restrictions)

Performance Outcome 2.19.

Apply knowledge of the law relating to prostitution and sex offenses.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.19.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the elements of and crime classifications relating to prostitution and other sex offenses.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.19.1. Define sex offenses and elements of the crimes.

2.19.1.1. Fornication (Repealed)

2.19.1.2. Lewd and lascivious cohabitation (Repealed)

2.19.1.3. Keeping, residing in or frequenting a bawdy place

2.19.1.4. Aiding prostitution or illicit sexual intercourse

2.19.1.5. Using vehicles to promote prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse

2.19.1.6. Receiving money for procuring person

2.19.1.7. Receiving money from earnings of male or female prostitute

2.19.1.8. Transporting person for purpose of a sex offense

2.19.1.9. Crimes against nature

2.19.2. Define sex offenses against children and elements of the crime (§18.2-370 through §18.2-371)

2.19.3. Identify components of unlawful filming, videotaping or photographing of another (§18.2-386.1)

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define sex offenses and elements of the crimes.

a. Fornication, §18.2-344

b. Lewd and lascivious cohabitation, §18.2-345 (Repealed)

c. Keeping, residing in or frequenting a bawdy place, §18.2-347

d. Aiding prostitution or illicit sexual intercourse, §18.2-346 - §18.2-348

e. Using vehicles to promote prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse, §18.2-349

f. Receiving money for procuring person, §18.2-356

g. Receiving money from earnings of male or female prostitute, §18.2-357

h. Transporting person for purpose of a sex offense, §18.2-348

i. Crimes against nature, §18.2-361

2. Define sex offenses against children and elements of the crime (§18.2-370 through §18.2-371)

3. Identify components of unlawful filming, videotaping or photographing of another (§18.2-386.1)

Performance Outcome 2.20.

Apply knowledge of the law relating to gambling.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.20.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the elements of crime classifications relating to gambling offenses.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.20.1. Define gambling and elements of the crime.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define gambling and elements of the crime, §18.2-325

Performance Outcome 2.21.

Apply knowledge of the law relating to controlled substances.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.21.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the elements of and crime classifications relating to controlled substances.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.21.1. Define controlled substances and elements of the crimes.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan guide should include the following:

1. Define controlled substances and elements of the crimes, §18.2-248 to §18.2-265.

Performance Outcomes 2.22.                                               

Apply knowledge of the law relating to disorderly conduct.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.22.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the elements relating to disorderly conduct.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.22.1. Define disorderly conduct and identify elements of the crime.

2.22.2. Distinguish between disorderly conduct and breach of the peace.

2.22.3. Distinguish between Code of Virginia and local ordinances.

2.22.4. Identify offenses related to use of profane, threatening or indecent language over public airways or by computer or text.

2.22.5. Describe the relationship between disorderly conduct and all other provisions of Title 18.2 as set out in Battle v. Commonwealth, 50 Va. App. 135 (2007).

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define disorderly conduct and identify elements of the crime with Code citations, §18.2-415

2. Distinguish between disorderly conduct and breach of the peace. Breach of the peace is a more general phrase and referenced in the Code in a variety of places: §8.01-45, §18.2-416, §18.2-417, §18.2-464, §18.2-463.

3. Distinguish between Code of Virginia and local ordinances as appropriate.

4. Identify offenses related to use of profane, threatening or indecent language over public airways or by computer or text.

5. Describe the relationship between disorderly conduct and all other provisions of Title 18.2 as set out in Battle v. Commonwealth, 50 Va. App. 135 (2007).

Performance Outcome 2.23 is retiredKey components were moved to other standards.

Performance Outcome 2.24.

Apply knowledge of the law relating to stalking.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.24.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the elements of stalking.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.24.1. Define stalking and identify elements of the crime with Code citations.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define stalking and identify elements of the crime with Code citations. §18.2-60.3

Performance Outcome 2.25.

Apply knowledge of the law relating to establishing local ordinances.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.25.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the Code related to establishing local ordinances.

2. Given a written exercise, identify the Code providing localities the authority to establish local ordinances relating to loitering and curfews.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.25.1. Identify the Code citation enabling local counties, cities, and towns to establish local ordinances.

2.25.2. Identify the Code citation enabling local counties, cities, and towns to establish local ordinances that affect loitering and curfew violations.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Identify the Code citation enabling local counties, cities, and towns to establish local ordinances. (§15.2-1425) (§15.2-1429)

2. Identify the Code citation enabling local counties, cities, and towns to establish local ordinances that affect loitering/curfew violations. (§15.2-926)

Performance Outcome 2.26.

Apply knowledge of the law relating to firearm related incidents.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.26.

1. Given a written exercise, identify elements of crimes relating to firearms incidents.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.26.1. Identify possible crimes associated with firearms with Code citations

2.26.1.1. Reckless handling of a firearm

2.26.1.2. Discharge of a firearm in an occupied dwelling

2.26.1.3. Brandishing a firearm

2.26.1.4. Hunting while under the influence of alcohol

2.26.1.5. Shooting near a roadway

2.26.1.6. Failure to secure weapons resulting in injury to a child

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Identify possible crimes associated with firearms with Code citations

a. Reckless handling of a firearm, §18.2-56.1

b. Discharge of a firearm in an occupied dwelling, §18.2-279

c. Brandishing a firearm, §18.2-282

d. Hunting while under the influence of alcohol, §18.2-285

e. Shooting near a roadway, §18.2-286

f. Failure to secure weapons resulting in an injury to a child, §18.2-56.2

Performance Outcome 2.27.

Apply knowledge of the law relating to a public drinking violation.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.27.

1. Given a written exercise, identify criminal violations relating to public drinking violations.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.27.1. Open container of alcoholic beverage in motor vehicles

2.27.2. Drinking in a public place

2.27.3. Possession of alcohol by minors

2.27.4. Sale of alcohol to minors

2.27.5. Public intoxication

2.27.6. Possession of alcohol on school grounds

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Open container of alcoholic beverage in motor vehicles, §18.2-323.1

2. Drinking in a public place, §4.1-308

3. Possession of alcohol by minors, § 4.1-305

4. Sale of alcohol to minors, § 4.1-304

5. Public intoxication, §4.1-308

6. Possession of alcohol on school grounds, §4.1-309

Performance Outcome 2.28.

Apply knowledge of the law relating to an abducted person.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.28.

1. Given a written exercise, identify elements of the crimes relating to abducted persons.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.28.1. Define the various types of criminal violations related to abduction:

2.28.1.1. Abduction as an element of Aggravated Murder

2.28.1.2. Imprisonment as an element of first degree murder

2.28.1.3. Defining abduction/kidnapping

2.28.1.4. Abduction with intent to extort money or for immoral purposes

2.28.1.5. Abduction by a prisoner

2.28.1.6. Threatening, attempting, or assisting in such abduction

2.28.1.7. Parental abduction

2.28.1.8. Requirement to disclose information and assist law enforcement

2.28.1.9. Emergency control of telephone in hostage situation

2.28.1.10. Abduction with intent to subject a person to forced labor or services

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define the various types of criminal violations related to abduction:

a. Abduction as an element of Aggravated Murder, §18.2-31

b. Imprisonment as an element of first degree murder, §18.2-32

c. Defining abduction/kidnapping, §18.2-47

d. Abduction with intent to extort money or for immoral purposes, §18.2-48

e. Abduction by a prisoner, §18.2-48.1

f. Threatening, attempting, or assisting in such abduction, §18.2-49

g. Parental abduction, §18.2-49.1

h. Requirement to disclose information and assist law enforcement, §18.2-50

i. Emergency control of telephone in hostage situation, §18.2-50.2

j. Abduction with intent to subject a person to forced labor or services, §18.2-47

Performance Outcome 2.29.

Apply knowledge of the law to crimes related to family abuse or family offenses.

Training Objectives Related to 2.29.

1. Given a written exercise, identify elements of the crimes related to family abuse or family offenses.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.29.1. Define the following:

2.29.1.1. Family abuse

2.29.1.2. Family offenses

2.29.1.3. Family or household member

2.29.2. Identify the elements of the statutes that provide relevant law

2.29.2.1. Definitions

2.29.2.2. Jurisdiction

2.29.2.3. Venue

2.29.2.4. Preliminary protective order

2.29.2.5. Preliminary protective orders in cases of family abuse

2.29.2.6.Violations of provisions of protective orders

2.29.2.7. Emergency protective orders authorized in cases of family abuse

2.29.2.8. Criminal jurisdiction; protective orders; family offenses

2.29.2.9. Protective order in cases of family abuse

2.29.2.10. Purchase or transportation of firearms by person subject to protective orders

2.29.2.11. Assault and battery against a household member

2.29.2.12. Stalking

2.29.2.13. Arrest without warrant authorized in certain cases

2.29.2.14. Arrest without a warrant authorized in cases of assault and battery against a family member and for violations of protective orders

2.29.2.15. Court orders pending suit for divorce, custody, visitation; entry into VCIN

2.29.2.16. Emergency protective order authorized in cases of stalking

2.29.2.17. Preliminary protective order authorized in cases of stalking

2.29.2.18. Protective order authorized in cases of stalking

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Definitions for the following:

a. Family abuse

b. Family offenses

c. Household or family member

2. Statutes that provide relevant law

a. Definitions, §16.1-228

b. Jurisdiction, §16.1-241

c. Venue, §16.1-243

d. Preliminary protective order, §16.1-253

e. Preliminary protective orders in cases of family abuse, §16.1-253.1

f. Violations of provisions of protective orders, §16.1-253.2

g. Emergency protective orders authorized in cases of family abuse, ?§16.1-253.4

h. Criminal jurisdiction; protective orders; family offenses, §16.1-278.14

i. Protective order in cases of family abuse, § 16.1-279.1

j. Purchase or transportation of firearms by person subject to protective orders, §18.2-308.1:4

k. Assault and battery against a household member, § 18.2-57.2

l. Stalking, §18.2-60.3

m. Arrest without warrant authorized in certain cases, §19.2-81

n. Arrest without a warrant authorized in cases of assault and battery against a family member and for violations of protective orders, §19.2-81.3

o. Court orders pending suit for divorce, custody, visitation; entry into VCIN, §20-103

p. Emergency protective order authorized in cases of stalking, §19.2-152.8

q. Preliminary protective order authorized in cases of stalking, §19.2-152.9

r. Protective order authorized in cases of stalking, §19.2-152.10

Performance Outcome 2.30.

Apply knowledge of law to obtain information from a suspect conforming to constitutional requirements.

Training Objectives Related to 2.30.

1. Given a written or practical exercise, identify constitutional requirements to obtain information from a suspect.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.30.1. Identify constitutional issues related to detention and questioning of a suspect vs. a non-suspect. 

2.30.2. Identify the relevant cases regarding suspect interrogation:

2.30.2.1. Malloy v. Hogan, 378 U.S. 1 (1964)

2.30.2.2. Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966)

2.30.2.3. Massiah v. United States, 377 U.S. 201 (1964)

2.30.3. Identify the two conditions which together trigger the necessity for Miranda warnings.

2.30.4. Explain the difference between an exculpatory and inculpatory statement and the necessity for documenting both. 

2.30.5. Identify the conditions by which a confession will be judged to be admissible.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. The rights of an arrested person as guaranteed by the U. S. Constitution.

2. Identify constitutional issues related to detention and questioning of a suspect vs. a non-suspect.

3. Identify the relevant cases regarding suspect interrogation:

a. Malloy v. Hogan, 378 U.S. 1 (1964)

b. Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966)

c. Massiah v. United States, 377 U.S. 201 (1964)

d. Ford v. Commonwealth, 503 S.E.2d 803, 28 Va. App 249, (1998)

e. Novak v. Commonwealth, 457 S.E. 2d 402, 20 Va. App.373, (1995)

f. Wass v. Commonwealth, 359 S.E. 2d 836, 5 Va. App. 27, (1987)

g. Lanier v. Commonwealth, 394 S.E. 2d 495, 10 Va. App. 541, (1990)

4. Identify the two conditions which together trigger the necessity for Miranda warnings:

a. In custody AND

b. Police interrogation.

5. Identify use of consent forms and waiver forms

6. Explain the difference between an exculpatory and inculpatory statement and the necessity for documenting both.

7. Identify the conditions by which a confession will be judged to be admissible.

8. Identify the constitutional basis for the Miranda warning and read the warning

a. Identify the point at which the suspect should be advised of constitutional rights.

b. Read the complete Miranda warning.

9. Identify the consequences for a person who gives a false identity to a law enforcement officer after having been lawfully detained and requested to identify himself, §19.2-82.1.

Performance Outcomes 2.31.                                     

Conduct searches and seizures under the following conditions:  with and without a warrant, incident to hot pursuit, with or without consent, incident to arrest, confer with the local Commonwealth’s Attorney under unusual search and seizure circumstances, identify procedures for obtaining records from an electronic communication service or remote computing service (including foreign corporations) pursuant to a search warrant.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.31.

Given a written or practical exercise:

1. Identify those search and seizure situations in which the 4th Amendment mandates a warrant,

2. Identify search and seizure situations in which a warrantless search may be legally conducted.

3. Identify situations that warrant conferring with the local Commonwealth’s Attorney for guidance.

4. Complete an affidavit for a search warrant.

5. Identify proper authority for obtaining the warrant.

6. Identify return requirements.

7. Identify the circumstances under which an out-of-state warrant may be served by electronic means.

8. Identify procedures for obtaining records from an electronic communication service or remote computing service (including foreign corporations) pursuant to a search warrant.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.31.1. Identify the reason that searches generally require a warrant.

2.31.2. Identify the reason that search warrants must be obtained for crime scenes except in emergency circumstances.

2.31.3. Identify the proper authorities from which a search warrant may be obtained:

2.31.3.1. Judge

2.31.3.2. Magistrate

2.31.3.3. Other person with authority to issue criminal warrants in the jurisdiction of the place to be searched

2.31.4. Complete a sample affidavit:

2.31.4.1. Description of place, thing, or person to be searched

2.31.4.2. Description of things or persons to be searched for

2.31.4.3. The offense causing the search

2.31.4.4. Thing(s) being searched for is/are evidence of the offense

2.31.4.5. Any other material facts that show probable cause to issue search warrant

2.31.5. State facts and circumstances that would lead a reasonable person to believe the seizable items are located in the area to be searched.

2.31.6. Identify Code of Virginia requirements for return of search warrant:

2.31.6.1. Date of execution of warrant, signature, and time noted on warrant

2.31.6.2. Under oath, inventory all property seized

2.31.6.3. File in circuit court clerk's office of the jurisdiction where the search warrant was served within three days the search warrant, inventory, and affidavit Retired

2.31.6.4. The officer who seized the property or executed the search warrant, or his designee or agent, may file the warrant, inventory, and accompanying affidavit by delivering them in person, or by mailing them certified mail, return receipt requested, or delivering them by electronically transmitted facsimile.

2.31.6.5. Identify requirements for a return in accordance with §19.2-56 and §19.2-57.

2.31.6.5.1. location for filing the return: executed and issued

2.31.6.5.2. timeline for filing and computation exceptions

2.31.7. Identify requirements for warrantless search of premises or property for suspect incident to hot pursuit conforming to constitutional requirements and Code of Virginia:

2.31.7.1. Define the hot pursuit exception to warrant requirements.

2.31.7.2. Identify the circumstances that justify hot pursuit.

2.31.7.3. Define the scope of a search incident to hot pursuit.

2.31.8. Identify the circumstances under which an out-of-state warrant may be served by electronic means.

2.31.9. Identify procedures for obtaining records from an electronic communication service or remote computing service (including foreign corporations) pursuant to a search warrant.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Unless an exception is identified, searches require a warrant if a reasonable expectation of privacy exists.

2. Search warrants must be obtained for crime scenes except in emergency circumstances (suspect is possibly on premises), on public property, or consent is given. Searches require a warrant if a reasonable expectation of privacy exists.

3. Identify the proper authorities from which a search warrant may be obtained according to §19.2-52:

a. Judge

b. Magistrate

c. Other person with authority to issue criminal warrants in the jurisdiction of the place to be searched

4. Complete a sample affidavit according to §19.2-54 covering:

a. Description of place, thing, or person to be searched

b. Description of things or persons to be searched for

c. The offense causing the search

d. Thing(s) being searched for is/are evidence of the offense

e. Any other material facts that show probable cause to issue search warrant

5. State facts and circumstances that would lead a reasonable person to believe the seizable items are located in the area to be searched.

6. Return search warrant conforming to Code of Virginia §19.2-57 requirements:

a. Date of execution of warrant, signature and time noted on warrant

b. Under oath, inventory all property seized

c. Requirements for a return in accordance with §19.2-56 and §19.2-57.  The location for filing the return both where executed and issued, the timeline for filing and the computations for exceptions. 

d. The officer who seized the property or executed the search warrant, or his designee or agent, may file the warrant, inventory, and accompanying affidavit by delivering them in person, or by mailing them certified mail, return receipt requested, or delivering them by electronically transmitted facsimile.

7. Identify requirements for warrantless search of premises or property for suspect incident to hot pursuit conforming to constitutional requirements and Code of Virginia §19.2-59.

a. Define the hot pursuit exception to warrant requirements.

b. Identify the circumstances that justify hot pursuit.

c. Define the scope of a search incident to hot pursuit.

8. Identify the circumstances under which an out-of-state warrant may be served by electronic means.

9. Identify procedures for obtaining records from an electronic communication service or remote computing service (including foreign corporations) pursuant to a search warrant.

10. Case references:

a. U.S. v. Santana 427 US 38 (1976)

b. Warden v. Hayden 387 US 294 (1967)

c. Terry v. Ohio 392 US 1 (1968)

d. California v. Hodari D. 499 US 621 (1991)

e. Michigan v. Chesternut 486 US 567 (1988)

f. Carroll v. United States 267 US 132 (1925)

g. California v. Acevedo 111 S.Ct. 1982 (1991)

h. Maryland v. Buie 58 LW 4281 (1990)

i. New York v. Belton 453 US 454 (1981)

Case references related to consent searches:

a. Florida v. Royer 460 US 491 (1983)

b. Illinois v. Rodriquez 497 US 177 (1990)

c. Florida v. Jimeno 500 US 248 (1991)

Performance Outcome 2.32.

Use probable cause to search a vehicle.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.32.

1. Given a written exercise, identify factors to consider to legally search a vehicle.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.32.1. Identify legal criteria for a vehicle search.

2.32.1.1. Reasonable suspicion

2.32.1.2. Probable cause

2.32.1.3. Inventory

2.32.1.4. Carroll doctrine

2.32.1.5. Consent

2.32.2. Identify the parameters for the scope of a vehicle search.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Identify legal criteria for a vehicle search under probable cause:

a. Reasonable suspicion

b. Probable cause

c. Inventory

d. Carroll doctrine

e. Consent

2. Identify the parameters for the scope of a vehicle search.

Performance Outcome 2.33.

Pat down a suspect or search an arrested person.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.33

Given a written exercise,

1. Identify the parameters under which a pat down of a suspect may be conducted.

2. Identify the parameters under which the search of an arrested person may be conducted.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.33.1. The elements of a detention and arrest.

2.33.2. The scope of the search of the arrested person and the circumstances when the search may be extended beyond the person.

2.33.3. The relevant legal principles.

2.33.3.1. Terry v. Ohio

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. The elements of a detention and arrest.

2. The scope of the search of the arrested person and the circumstances when the search may be extended beyond the person.

3. The relevant legal principles:

a. Terry v. Ohio

b. Relevant Code section

Performance Outcome 2.34.                                                

Seize contraband, weapons, or stolen property from a suspect.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.34.

Given a written exercise:

1. Identify the legal requirements relating to seizure of contraband, weapons, or stolen property from suspects.

2. Identify items subject to asset forfeiture laws.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.34.1. Elements of the seizure of property.

2.34.2. Items subject to asset forfeiture laws.

2.34.3. Legal basis for seizing personal property related to illegal drug dealing or manufacture for forfeiture.

2.34.4. Identify the need to document items seized related to illegal drug dealing or manufacture as evidence for prosecution prior to forfeiture:

2.34.4.1. Identify the need to connect cash or other property seized with the illegal drug dealing or manufacture.

2.34.4.2. Identify the need to establish the connection as quickly as possible.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include:

1. Identifying the elements of the seizure of property: (Code of Virginia §19.2-53)

a. Probable cause to believe the property is fruits of a crime, contraband, or evidence

b. Instrumentality (weapons, other items)

2. Identify items subject to asset forfeiture laws.

a. Situations where assets may be seized:

1. Autos used to transport more than $500. of stolen goods §19.2-386.16

2. Autos used to transport illegal alcohol

3. Identify the legal basis for seizing personal property related to illegal drug dealing or manufacture for forfeiture. (Code of Virginia, §19.2-386.22)

a. The property was used in substantial connection with the manufacture, sale, or distribution of illegal drugs.

4. Identify what property may be forfeited if the legal basis can be proven.

a. Money, medical equipment, laboratory equipment, motor vehicles and all other property of any kind or character.

5. Identify the need to document items seized related to illegal drug dealing or manufacture as evidence for prosecution prior to forfeiture:

a. Identify the need to connect cash or other property seized with the illegal drug dealing or manufacture. 

b. Identify the need to establish the connection as quickly as possible.

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will need to identify the department procedure to contact Commonwealth’s Attorney so that necessary paperwork related to seizing assets may be initiated.(Department training)

Performance Outcome 2.35.

Identify, establish custody of, and record a chain of custody for evidence, seized or detained property, or recovered property.

Training Objectives Related to 2.35.

1. Given a written exercise, identify legal requirements to identify, establish custody of, and document a chain of custody for evidence, seized or detained property, or recovered property.

2. Given a written exercise, identify the legal requirements for proper disposition of unclaimed personal property in possession of law enforcement that is neither needed for evidence not is subject to forfeiture.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.35.1. Define evidence

2.35.2. Define the types of evidence

2.35.3. Define the chain of custody

2.35.4. Identify the minimum tests that an item of evidence must successfully pass before admission to any criminal court

2.35.5. Identify methods used for initially considering that an item may be evidence

2.35.6. Identify procedure to establish and track chain of custody of evidence:

2.35.6.1. Establish custody by marking with proper tags and securing or protecting

2.35.6.2. Document all persons handling the evidence or property

2.35.6.3. Document all persons handling the evidence or property during recovery, removal, transport, storage, and release

2.35.7. Identify reason to document return of property when lawfully released for later recovery

2.35.8. Identify the lawful disposition of ordinary unclaimed personal property.

2.35.9. Identify the lawful disposition of unclaimed firearms.

2.35.10. Identify the lawful disposition of drugs and drug paraphernalia not needed as evidence.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define evidence.

2. Define the types of evidence:

a. Documentary (written items)

b. Trace

c. Real

d. Circumstantial

e. Physical

f. Confessions

g. Photographic

3. Define the chain of custody.

4. Identify the minimum tests that an item of evidence must successfully pass before admission to any criminal court: (Rules of Evidence)

a. Legal relevance

b. Logical relevance

5. Methods used to initially identify evidence:

a. Personal observation

b. Discovery through a valid search warrant

6. Identify methods used for initially considering that an item may be evidence.

7. Identify procedure to establish and track chain of custody of evidence:

a. Establish custody by marking with proper tags and securing or protecting

b. Document all persons handling the evidence or property

c. Document all persons handling the evidence or property during recovery, removal, transport, storage, and release.

8. Identify reason to document return of property when lawfully released for later recovery

9. Distinguish between property in possession of law enforcement and property in possession of the court.

10. Identify methods to determine that an item is not needed in evidence and the role of the case officer or investigator in this process (§15.2-1719 (local officers), (§52-11.4 (State Police))

11. Identify the role of the Commonwealth’s Attorney in the destruction or disposal of unclaimed personal property.

12. Identify the role of the court in the following:

a. Disposition of unclaimed property

b. Disposition of unclaimed firearms (§19.2-386.29)(§15.2-1721 and §52-11.4 (State Police))

c. Disposition of drugs and drug paraphernalia not needed as evidence (§19.2-386.23)

13. Identify the role of the State Treasurer in the destruction or other disposition of personal property other than drugs or drug paraphernalia.

Performance Outcome 2.36.

Identify legal basis for use of force by a law enforcement officer.

Training Objective Related to 2.36.

1. Given a written exercise, identify elements of case law and statutory law pertaining to use of force by law enforcement officers in the performance of duty.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.36.1. Preservation of life:

2.36.1.1. Case law

2.36.1.2. Statutory law

2.36.2. Preservation of property

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

Case law and statutory law pertaining to use of force by law enforcement officers in the performance of duty.

1. Preservation of life:

a. Case law:

1. Graham v. Connor

2. Tennessee v. Garner

3. Objective reasonableness

4. Deliberate indifference (Canton v. Harris)

b. Statutory law

2. Preservation of property

Performance Outcome 2.37.

Identify the circumstances under which a suspect is fingerprinted.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.37.

Given a written exercise:

1. Identify the circumstances under which a suspect shall be fingerprinted.

2. Identify requirements related to fingerprinting juveniles.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.37.1. The circumstances under which a suspect should be fingerprinted:

2.37.1.1. Charged with a felony

2.37.1.2. Charged with a class I or class II misdemeanor

2.37.1.3. Convicted of the above

2.37.2. The statutory requirements related to fingerprinting juveniles:

2.37.2.1. Age

2.37.2.2. Type of crime

2.37.2.3. Charged with certain types of crimes

2.37.2.4. Maintain juvenile fingerprint records separately from adult records

2.37.2.5. Destruction of juvenile fingerprint records

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. The circumstances under which a suspect shall be fingerprinted: (§19.2-390)

a. Charged with a felony

b. Charged with a class I or class II misdemeanor - release on summons after arrest unless charged with 18.2-266 Driving Under the Influence

c. Convicted of a class I or class II misdemeanor (§19.2-74)

d. Effective January 1, 2006, a photograph of the arrestee must accompany fingerprints submitted to the Central Criminal Records Exchange.

2. The requirements related to fingerprinting juveniles: §16.1-299

a. Age

b. Type of crime

c. Charged with certain types of crimes

d. Maintain juvenile fingerprint records separately from adult records

e. Destruction of juvenile fingerprint records

Performance Outcome 2.38.

Take into custody a person who has been detained by a citizen.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.38.

Given a written exercise:

1. Identify the legal authority under which a citizen can detain another person.

2. Identify the legal authority for private security personnel to arrest.

3. Identify the legal authority for a bail bondsman or his agent to arrest.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.38.1. The legal authority under which a citizen can detain another person.

2.38.2. The legal authority for private security personnel to arrest.

2.38.3. The legal authority for a bail bondsman or his agent to arrest.

2.38.4. Identify the point at which the suspect must be advised of constitutional rights under these circumstances.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Identify the legal authority under which a citizen can detain another person.

2. Identify the legal authority for private security personnel to arrest.

3. Identify the legal authority for a bail bondsman or his agent to arrest.

4. Identify the point at which the suspect must be advised of constitutional rights under these circumstances.

Performance Outcome 2.39.

Arrest persons with a warrant.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.39.

1. Given a written exercise, identify constitutional and statutory requirements to arrest a person with a warrant.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.39.1. Define arrest.

2.39.2. Identify the mandatory contents of a valid warrant.

2.39.3. Identify the territorial limitations of an officer’s power to arrest.

2.39.4. Identify the consequences of an illegal arrest.

2.39.5. Identify the process of executing an arrest warrant.

2.39.6. Identify the limits of an arrest warrant in searching residence listed on the warrant and residences of third parties.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

Code of Virginia, §19.2-71 to §19.2-83.1

1. Define arrest.

2. Identify who may issue a warrant for the arrest of a person charged with a criminal offense.

3. Identify the mandatory contents of a valid warrant:

a. It shall be directed to an appropriate officer

b. It shall name the accused or set forth a description by which he/she can be identified

c. It shall describe the offense charged with reasonable certainty

d. It shall command that the accused be arrested and brought before a court of appropriate jurisdiction

e. It shall be signed by the issuing officer

4. Identify the territorial limitations of an officer’s power to arrest.

5. Identify the consequences of an illegal arrest.

6. Identify the process of executing an arrest warrant:

a. Arrest the accused

b. Inform the accused of the offense charged and that a warrant has been issued

c. Endorse and date the warrant

d. Deliver a copy of the warrant to the accused as soon as possible

7. Identify the limits of an arrest warrant in searching residence listed on the warrant and residences of third parties.

Performance Outcome 2.40.

Arrest persons without a warrant.

Training Objectives Relating to 2.40.

1. Given a written exercise, identify constitutional and statutory requirements to arrest a person without a warrant.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.40.1. Identify the requirement for warrantless felony arrest under §19.2-81.

2.40.2. Identify the general requirement for a warrantless misdemeanor arrest.

2.40.3. Given narrative examples of arrest situations, determine if the warrantless arrest is legal (include as one situation an officer observing a crime while off duty and in plain clothes).

2.40.4. Identify three situations whereby an officer may make a warrantless arrest according to the Code of Virginia.

2.40.5. Identify when a police officer may enter a private dwelling in order to make a warrantless arrest.

2.40.6. Identify the requirement of an officer to show his badge when not in uniform and attempting to make an arrest.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

Code of Virginia, §19.2-81 to 19.2-83.1

1. Identify the requirement for warrantless felony arrest under §19.2-81.

2. Identify the general requirement for a warrantless misdemeanor arrest.

3. Define probable cause for arrest.

4. Given narrative examples of arrest situations, determine if the warrantless arrest is legal (include as one situation an officer observing a crime while off duty and in plain clothes).

5. Identify the situations whereby an officer may make a warrantless arrest according to the Code of Virginia:

a. Crime committed in presence (§19.2-81)

b. At the scene of an accident

c. Upon information that the individual is wanted in another jurisdiction through electronic messages (fax, teletype and radio messages)

d. A shoplifting offense

e. Assault and battery

f. Escapee from a mental institution

g. A probation or parole violation, etc.

h. Concealed weapon in school

i. Vandalism to commercial property

j. Taking into custody a person detained by a citizen

k. Traffic misdemeanor arrest (§19.2-82)

l. Failure to surrender (§19.2-298)

6. Identify when a police officer may enter a private dwelling in order to make a warrantless arrest:

a. Exigent circumstances

b. Consent

c. Hot pursuit

7. Identify the Virginia State Code sections pertaining to warrantless arrests:

a. Escape, flight and pursuit, arrest anywhere in Commonwealth (§19.2-77)

b. Arrest by officers of other states in close pursuit (§19.2-79)

c. Arrest without warrant authorized in certain cases (§19.2-81)

d. Arrest of an illegal aliennwithout a warrant (§ 19.2-81.6)

e. Procedure for arrest without warrant (§19.2-82)

8. Identify the requirement for an officer to show his badge when not in uniform and attempting to make an arrest. (§19.2-78

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will need to identify department policy for self-identification as a law enforcement officer.

Performance Outcome 2.41.

Demonstrate knowledge of general liability attached to performance of law enforcement duties related to privacy and security of person(s) and information.

Training Objective Related to 2.41.

1. Given a written exam, identify general liability attached to performance of enforcement duties related to privacy and security of person(s) and information.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.41.1. General liability related to privacy and security of person(s).

2.41.2. General liability related to privacy and security of information.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. General liability attached to performance of law enforcement duties related to privacy and security of person(s) and information.

Performance Outcome 2.42.

Demonstrate knowledge of general liability attached to performance of law enforcement duties related to use of force (physical restraint, weapons, and emergency vehicle operation).

Training Objective Related to 2.42.

1. Given a written exam, identify general liability attached to performance of law enforcement duties related to use of force (physical restraint, weapons, and emergency vehicle operation).

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.42.1. General liability related to use of force regarding physical restraint.

2.42.2. General liability related to use of force regarding weapons.

2.42.3. General liability related to use of force regarding emergency vehicle operation.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. General liability attached to performance of law enforcement duties related to use of force (physical restraint, weapons, and emergency vehicle operation).

Performance Outcome 2.43.

Demonstrate knowledge of general liability attached to performance of law enforcement duties related to false arrest, false imprisonment, and use of warnings vs. arrest.

Training Objective Related to 2.43.

1. Given a written exam, identify general liability attached to performance of law enforcement duties related to false arrest/false imprisonment/use of warnings vs. arrest (discretionary arrest authority).

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.43.1. Definition of false arrest.

2.43.2. Definition of false imprisonment.

2.43.3. Definition of discretionary arrest.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Definition of false arrest

2. The duty to release person arrested in error as promptly as possible and place in a position as good as or better than prior to arrest

3. Definition of false imprisonment

4. Definition of discretionary arrest (using a warning instead of making an arrest) and the limitations inherent to this

5. Documentation of circumstances related to a false arrest

6. Documentation of circumstances related to discretionary arrest (using a warning instead of making an arrest)

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will need to identify their department policy related to the use of discretionary arrest (giving a warning instead of making an arrest) during field training.

Performance Outcome 2.44.

Demonstrate knowledge of general liability attached to performance of law enforcement duties related to treatment of suspects and arrestees.

Training Objective Related to 2.44.

1. Given a written exam, identify general liability attached to performance of law enforcement duties related to treatment of suspects and arrestees.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.44.1. Assessment for medical treatment.

2.44.2. Assessment for psychiatric treatment.

2.44.3. Assessment of treatment after chemical or pepper spray.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Assessment for medical treatment:

a. Observe and identify any injuries:

1. Top down review

2. Front and back review

3. Photograph if possible

4. Transport to hospital

5.Identify source of injury (weapons, etc.)

6. Extent/seriousness of injury

7. Location on body

8. Identify all parties involved

9. If and how the arrestee was treated

10. Inquire about non-visible injuries (eyes, ears, elsewhere)

11. O.C. spray use

b. Document circumstances surrounding the injuries and indicate if a justifiable use of force was necessary.

2. Assessment for psychiatric treatment

3. Assessment of treatment after chemical or pepper spray

Performance Outcome 2.45.

Demonstrate knowledge of general liability attached to performance of law enforcement duties related to law enforcement vehicle operations.

Training Objective Related to 2.45.

1. Given a written exam, identify general liability attached to performance of law enforcement duties related to law enforcement vehicle operations.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.45.1. General liability related to law enforcement vehicle operations.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. General liability related to law enforcement vehicle operations.

Performance Outcome 2.46.

Demonstrate knowledge of general liability issues attached to performance of law enforcement duties.

Training Objective Related to 2.46.

1. Given a written exam, identify Virginia Sovereign Immunity and relevant federal civil rights law.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

2.46.1. Virginia Doctrine of Sovereign Immunity

2.46.2. Federal civil rights law as follows:

2.46.2.1. 18 U.S.C.  § 241

2.46.2.2. 18 U.S.C. § 242

2.46.2.3. 42 U.S.C. § 1983

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall cover the following:

1. Virginia Doctrine of Sovereign Immunity, relevant parts of § 8.01-195 through 8.01-195.9.

2. Federal civil rights law as follows:

a. 18 U.S.C. § 241

b. 18 U.S.C. § 242

c. 42 U.S.C. § 1983

3. Other areas as may be identified by the instructor as liable law enforcement actions.

bscharf

Communication

Communication

Performance Outcome 3.1.

Determine deception, deceit and manipulation through verbal and non-verbal behavioral activities.

Training Objectives Relating to 3.1.

1. Given a written, audio-visual, or practical exercise, identify unusual behavior characteristics to determine if a suspect is trying to deceive or manipulate the interviewer.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

3.1.1. Identification of unusual behavior characteristics of a suspect:

3.1.1.1. Questioning.

3.1.1.2. Body posture/gestures:

3.1.1.2.1. Speech behavior

3.1.1.2.2. Eye position

3.1.1.2.3. Lip behavior

3.1.1.2.4. Hand movements.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Identification of typical behavior characteristics:

a. Speech

b. Body posture

c. Questioning

d. Eye movements

e. Lip behavior

f. Hand positions

2. Identify unusual behavior characteristics to determine if a suspect is trying to deceive or manipulate the interviewer:

a. Speech

1. Slurred words

2. Skipping around sentences abruptly

3. Restarting sentences in the middle

4. Leaving off ends of sentences

b. Body posture

1. Slouches

2. Sits stiff and rigid

3. Faces to the side

4. Shies away from interviewer

5. Moves frequently and rapidly

6. Arms close to side and crossed

7. Head slumped

8. Legs stretched out in front of one another

9. Rub back of neck (stress)

c. Questioning

1. Hesitates before answering

2. Changes or hedges his/her answers

3. Asks for clarification on question

4. Religious references

d. Eye position

1. Stares at interviewer

2. Excessive eye shifting

3. Prolonged eye contact

4. Abnormal eye contact

5. Be aware of cultural differences regarding eye contact

e. Lip behavior

           1. Bites lips

           2. Squeezes lips together

           3. Continues to lick lips to wet them

4. Saliva comes from corner of lips

f. Hand movements

1. Clutching hands

2. Palms upward

3. Rubbing nose.

Performance Outcome 3.2.

Conduct a conference with parent(s) and juvenile(s) to obtain or provide information.

Training Objectives Relating to 3.2.

1. Given a written exercise, identify factors to consider when notifying parent/guardian of a juvenile that is either a suspect, victim, or witness of a crime.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

3.2.1. Identification of factors relating to communication skills that promote non-aggressive interaction:

3.2.1.1. Timely notification

3.2.1.2. Awareness that parents may be defensive, upset, or accusatory depending on the situation

3.2.1.3. Presentation of facts and consequences in a non-judgmental manner if the juvenile is a suspect

3,2.1.4. Using appropriate degree of sensitivity for type of crime while obtaining information

3.2.1.5. Provision of information to parents on juvenile justice system procedures.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Obtain information relating to misdemeanors or felonies (juvenile may be victim or suspect):

a. Who

b. What

c. Where

d. When

e. Why

f. How

2. Provide information relating to misdemeanors and felonies (juvenile may be victim or suspect):

a. Arrest

b. Detention

c. Hearing

d. Victim services

e. Answer general questions

3. Use communication skills that promote non-aggressive interaction:        

a. Provide timely notification

b. Be mindful that parents may be defensive, upset, or accusatory depending on the situation

c. Present facts and consequences in a non-judgmental manner if the juvenile is a suspect

d. Obtain information using appropriate degree of sensitivity for type of crime

e. Provide information to parents on juvenile justice system procedures.

Performance Outcome 3.3.

Stop or delay persons attempting to commit suicide.

Training Objectives Relating to 3.3.

1.  Given a written, audio-visual, or practical exercise, identify factors to consider when communicating with persons who threaten to commit suicide.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

3.3.1. Notify supervisor and request appropriate resources.

3.3.2. Maintain a safe position while communicating with person:

3.3.2.1.  Try to calm down the person

3.3.2.2. Try to identify problem

3.3.2.3. Try to delay person as much as possible

3.3.2.4. Suggest resources for the person to help solve the problems.

3.3.3. Document all proceedings.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Notify supervisor and request appropriate resources.

2. Maintain a safe position while communicating with person:

a. Try to calm down the person

b. Try to identify problems

c. Try to delay person as much as possible

d. Suggest resources for the person to help solve the problems.

3. Document all proceedings.

Performance Outcome 3.4.

Prepare for court testimony and testify in traffic court, in a legal and an administrative proceeding; before grand juries; in criminal trials; in evidence suppression hearings; in implied consent hearings; at probable cause hearings.

Training Objectives Relating to 3.4.

1. Given a written exercise, identify basic steps an officer should take to prepare for court testimony.

2. Given a practical exercise:

a. Prepare for and demonstrate courtroom testimony

b. Present probable cause to obtain a warrant of arrest.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

3.4.1. Preparation for court testimony in general:

3.4.1.1. Review field notes

3.4.1.2. Consult Commonwealth Attorney

3.4.1.3.  Review physical evidence and lab results

3.4.1.4. Ensure professional appearance

3.4.1.5. Formulate and articulate the facts of a traffic court case.

3.4.2. Preparation for testimony at a probable cause hearing:

3.4.2.1. Officer appears before a judge, magistrate or clerk of the court

3.4.2.2. Officer identifies suspect

3.4.2.3. Officer describes facts and circumstances that lead officer to believe that a crime has been committed and the person named is the perpetrator and provides this information on an accurately completed affidavit

3.4.2.4. Officer swears or affirms to the accuracy of the statement before the judge, magistrate, or clerk of the court.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

Related to general court testimony:

1. Knowledge of law relating to testimony, probable cause, arrest, and implied consent §18.2-268.2.

2. Knowledge of Virginia Code. §18.2-268.2 (Implied consent statute moved to #1)

3. Knowledge of facts of the case (confer with prosecutor as needed).

4. Review written notes and reports:

a. Officer may not read notes into court testimony, but only refer to them

b. Time between an incident/offense and court reduces the accuracy of memory

c. Accurate presentation of evidence in court is critical for convictions.

5. Review physical evidence and lab results.

6. Prepare mentally (present facts not make judgments).

7. Prepare to use calm and professional demeanor.

8. Prepare to use good English skills.

9. Be aware of body language.

10. Use clear and calm voice tone in speech.

11. Be truthful, accurate, and objective in testimony.

Related to probable cause hearings:

1. Knowledge of law relating to probable cause:

a. Definition

b. Who can issue a warrant:

1. Magistrate

2. Judge

3. Clerk of the court

c. Elements of probable cause:

1. Physical evidence

2. Witness testimony

3. Close proximity

4. Possession of a stolen item

5. Time between event and apprehension or recovery of property

6. Admission/confession/incriminating statements

2. Knowledge of Virginia Code §19.2-72.

3. Knowledge of facts of the case:

a. Date and time of the incident

b. Facts supporting probable cause that an offense was committed.

4. Written notes (reference only)

5. Prepare mentally (testify to the probable cause, do not demand a warrant).

6. Prepare to use calm and professional demeanor.

7. Prepare to use good English skills.

8. Be aware of body language.

9. Use clear and calm voice tone in speech.

10. Be truthful, accurate and objective in testimony.

11. Provide accurate and complete affidavit to conclude testimony.

Performance Outcome 3.5.

Obtain information about a complaint or service request from members of the public by telephone.

Training Objectives Relating to 3.5.

1. Given a practical exercise, demonstrate the steps to interview members of the public by telephone to obtain information about complaints or request for service.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

3.5.1. Answer call promptly with courteous and professional demeanor.

3.5.2. Evaluate nature of call and collect information.

3.5.3. Respond in a timely manner with appropriate action.

3.5.4. Close the conversation.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Answer call promptly with courteous and professional demeanor.

2. Evaluate nature of call and collect information:

a. Emergency

b. Concerned citizen information

c. Past disturbance

d. Procedure for complaints against law enforcement personnel.

3. Basic information to collect:

a. Who

b. What

c. Where

d. When

e. Why (if known)

f. How.

4. Respond in a timely manner with appropriate action:

a. Route call to other service provider if necessary:

1. Identify services that provide citizen assistance

2. Identify the best way for the citizen to access the services.

b. Dispatch officer or other emergency service.

c. Collect additional information for report, if possible.

5. Close the conversation:

a. Courteously terminate the call

b. Clearly state what action will be taken

c. Make certain action stated is completed.

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will need to identify local services and department procedures for advising citizens about complaints or service requests as part of their department training.

Performance Outcome 3.6.

Describe persons to other officers.

Training Objective Relating to 3.6.

1. Given a practical exercise, describe persons to other officers.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

3.6.1. Physical characteristics from the top down.

3.6.2. Clothing.

3.6.3. Mode of travel (if known).

3.6.4. Reason for look out.

3.6.5. Officer safety considerations.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Physical characteristics from the top down:

a. Gender

b. Hair color/style

c. Skin color/tone

d. Facial hair

e. Eye color, glasses

f. Estimated height

g. Estimated weight

h. Estimated age

i. Jewelry/accessories observed

j. Weapon used

k. Tattoos, scars, marks

l. Race/ethnic background

m. Voice characteristics:

1. Accent

2. Level (deep, high, etc.)

3. Lisp, unusual word pronunciations

2. Clothing:

a. Color

b. Style

3. Mode of travel (if known).

4. Reason for look out.

5. Officer safety considerations.

Performance Outcome 3.7.

Request verification of an arrest warrant.

Training Objective Relating to 3.7.

1. Given a written exercise, identify factors to consider when verifying a warrant on file:

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

3.7.1. Check name, date of birth, social security number.

3.7.2. Check information on warrant.

3.7.3. Check description of suspect.

3.7.4. Check whether custodial arrest authorized or if a summons.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Check name, date of birth, social security number.

2. Check information on warrant.

3. Check description of suspect.

4. Check whether custodial arrest authorized or if a summons.

Performance Outcome 3.8.

Calm emotionally upset individuals, and communicate an emergency message.

Training Objectives Relating to 3.8.

1. Given a practical exercise, use techniques of positive verbal skills and body language to talk with people who are emotionally upset in a manner to calm them, or to communicate an emergency message.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

3.8.1. Voice:

3.8.1.1.  Volume

3.8.1.2. Tone

3.8.1.3. Control.

3.8.2. Body stances.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Facial expressions.

2. Body stances.

3. Eye contact.

4. Voice:

a. Volume

b. Tone

c. Control.

5. Language use:

a. Direct, commonly used terms

b. Avoid slang or jargon

c. State information factually.

d. Offer assistance:

1. Call someone to aid person

2. Take somewhere appropriate.

6. Cultural awareness.

7. Local customs.

* Examples of emergency messages that an officer may have to deliver: missing child, injured spouse, accidental death, murder.

Performance Outcome 3.9.

Calm a situation or convey a message.

Training Objectives Relating to 3.9.

1. Given a practical exercise, use communication skills projecting control and self assurance to calm a situation or convey a message.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

3.9.1. Evaluate the words and behavior of parties involved.

3.9.2. Safely approach the hostile parties.

3.9.3. Establish contact with the hostile parties.

3.9.4. Use appropriate voice inflection and projection.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Evaluate the words and behavior of parties involved.

2. Safely approach the hostile parties.

3. Establish contact with the hostile parties:

a. Ascertain the reason(s) for their hostility

b. Use calming techniques to reduce emotions and restore rational thought

1. Appropriate posture and gestures:

a. Remain calm and encourage them to be calm

b. Remember officer safety and watch carefully

2. Appropriate voice inflection and projection:

a. As authoritative, directive, and forceful as needed

b. Polite and patient

c. Maintain voice control.

3. Appropriate eye contact.

4. Proper grammar.

5. Awareness of audience (age, education level, cultural diversity, etc.).

6. Knowledge of subject matter:

a. Help them go from problem to solution orientation.

b. Help them understand options and consequences.

c. Communicate the officer’s position and responsibilities in the situation.

d. Relate any applicable laws and consequences of continued acts.

e. Explain the parties option: comply with the law and pursue legal actions.

Performance Outcome 3.10.

Verbally communicate with people with awareness of different levels of understanding.

Training Objectives Relating to 3.10.

1. Given a practical exercise, verbally communicate with people with awareness of different levels of understanding.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

3.10.1. Identify audiences that may need the officer to adjust manner of communication.

3.10.2. Identify adjustments that may be needed when communicating with various audiences:

3.10.2.1. Culturally diverse people

3.10.2.2. Person’s suffering from dementia including Alzheimer’s Disease.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Identify reasons to consistently use professional language.

2. Identify audiences that may need the officer to adjust manner of communication:

a. Juveniles of various ages:

1. Reasons that law enforcement officers are role models.

2. Ways to make children feel important

a. Pay attention when they speak

b. Physically move down to eye contact with juvenile if possible

c. Give praise for asking questions

d. Compliment the good things you know about the children

e. Treat older juveniles in a more adult manner.

3. Ways to respond to questions with age appropriate answers:

a. Be honest but use language the juvenile is most likely to comprehend

b. Emphasize the positive in whatever the juvenile is discussing, if possible.

b. Older people.

c. Culturally diverse people:

1. Determine language person speaks, if not English (if possible)

2. Choose a quiet environment or setting to speak, if possible

3. Use a variety of terms to determine what the recipient may understand, then choose the terms most easily understood

4. Choose a rate of speech helpful to the recipient.

5. Use body language or gestures that enhance verbal communication.

6. Pronounce words clearly and accurately.

7. Encourage recipient to ask questions for clarification.

8. For less serious offenses, utilize appropriate gestures and tools (cuffs, etc.).

9. For serious offenses, obtain services of an interpreter after taking control of suspect.

d. Educated people.

e. Uneducated people.

f. Mentally disabled people.

g. Emotionally upset people

h. Physically disabled or elderly person with mobility problem:

1. Ask if you may be of assistance

2. Ask the person the best way to assist them (if appropriate)

3. Be aware of hearing impairments.

i. Homeless people

3. Identify adjustments that may be needed when communicating with various audiences:

a. Voice tone

b.Language use/simplification

c. Body stances/gestures

d. Cultural awareness:

1. Identify the variety of cultures living in jurisdiction

2. Identify particular considerations of these cultures with which to be familiar that may be helpful in conducting an interview of a victim or suspect

3. Identify resources to assist with language translation for the variety of cultures in the jurisdiction.

e. Facial expressions.

f. Eye contact.

g. Local customs.

4. Identify conversation that helps to promote the positive services of law enforcement.

5. Specific audiences that may require an officer to adjust manner of communication:

a. Persons with mental retardation

b. Persons with mental illness

c. Persons suffering from dementia including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD):

1. Identify physical, mental, behavioral symptoms and consequences of AD

2. Identify situations where a person with AD may be encountered

3. Identify specific intervention techniques for managing the person with AD

4. Identify potential resources that assist in responding to persons with AD or dementia: Alzheimer’s Association, Safe Return Program, Project Lifesaver.

6. Cultural awareness knowledge that may assist in adjusting communication with audiences:

a. Define culture and cultural groupings

b. Define ethnicity and ethnic groups

c. Identify the variety of cultures living in jurisdiction

d. Identify the variety of cultures whose members may visit or travel through the jurisdiction

e. Define ethnocentrism

f. Define stereotype

g. Identify the particular considerations of the cultures with which it will help a law enforcement officer to be familiar in order to conduct an interview of a victim or suspect

h. Identify resources to assist with language translation for the variety of cultures in the jurisdiction.

Performance Outcome 3.11.

Communicate the nature of the complaint to the offender.

Training Objectives Relating to 3.11.

1. Given a practical exercise, communicate the nature of complaint(s) to offender(s).

Criteria: The student shall be tested on the following:

3.11.1. Officer safety considerations.

3.11.2. Accurate information on nature of complaint(s).

3.11.3. Communication skills.

3.11.4. Patience with offender.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Officer safety considerations.

2. Professionalism.

3. Accurate information on nature of complaint(s).

4. Communication skills:

a. Voice control

b. Eye contact

c. Body stance

d. Language choice

5. Cultural awareness.

6. Patience with offender.

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will need to identify department policy regarding explanation of the nature of a complaint to offender(s) during department training.

Performance Outcome 3.12.

Communicate with a barricaded subject relating to the release of hostages and encourage surrender.

Training Objectives Relating to 3.12.

1. Identify the role of the first responding officer at the scene of a hostage/barricaded subject situation.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

3.12.1. Notify supervisor/request assistance.

3.12.2. Maintain position of cover.

3.12.3. Contain the suspect.

3.12.4. Coordinate with responding units to secure perimeter.

3.12.5. Consider evacuation of nearby buildings and surrounding area.

3.12.6. Attempt to establish:

3.12.6.1. Barricaded subject needs

3.12.6.2. Barricaded subject wants.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Notify supervisor/request assistance.

2. Maintain position of cover.

3. Contain the suspect.

4. Coordinate with responding units to secure perimeter.

5. Consider evacuation of nearby buildings and surrounding area.

6. Attempt to establish:

a. Barricaded subject needs

b. Barricaded subject wants.

7. Method for surrender:

a. Armed individual

b. Unarmed with explosives close

c. Possible suicidal individual.

Performance Outcome 3.13.

Demonstrate conflict resolution skills to maintain calm and prevent a situation from becoming worse.

Training Objectives Relating to 3.13.

1. Given a written exercise, define negotiation, mediation and arbitration and identify the steps of each conflict management technique.

2. Given a practical exercise, negotiate, mediate or arbitrate a conflict or crisis situation.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

3.13.1. Definition of negotiation, mediation and arbitration.

3.13.2. The steps involved in each type of the above conflict management techniques.

3.13.3. Evaluation of the conflict or crisis scene.

3.13.4. Maintaining officer safety precautions.

3.13.5. Negotiating, mediating or arbitrating the conflict or crisis situation.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Definition of negotiation, mediation, and arbitration.

2. The steps involved in each type of the above conflict management techniques.

3. Evaluation of the conflict or crisis scene.

4. Maintaining officer safety precautions.

5. Negotiating, mediating, or arbitrating the conflict or crisis situation:

a. Identify that no physical violence has taken place. If physical violence has taken place, follow procedures for the type of crime committed

b. Maintain all officer safety precautions. Back up arriving on scene must not disrupt efforts of first officer, but should take direction and support the first officer. Primary goal is to keep the peace and not let parties become physically violent

c. Diffuse the situation by separating the parties and explaining that you need to know the facts relating to the dispute. Each person will have a chance to speak, but you will set the rules for talking

d. Listen carefully to the explanation by each party separately to identify what their common interest is. Identify some alternatives to which both might agree. Officers should confer before reuniting the parties

e. Bring the parties back together to discuss alternatives that may resolve the dispute

f. Recognize when conflict management techniques will not produce the desired result and take any law enforcement action that is appropriate

g. If conflict management techniques are producing the desired result, refer them to additional services that may be helpful for the type of dispute they had, i.e., family mediation/counseling, landlord/tenant mediation, dispute resolution services, etc.

Performance Outcome 3.14.

Interview a child victim of crime.

Training Objective Relating to 3.14.

1. Given a written or practical exercise (practical preferred method for testing), identify factors to consider when interviewing a child victim of a crime.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

3.14.1. Identify language ability level of victim.

3.14.2. Identify emotional and physical capability of victim to be interviewed.

3.14.3. Communicate in a compassionate and non-judgmental manner.

3.14.4. Ensure victim is comfortable and understands the purpose of the interview (officer needs to learn what happened to hurt the victim).

3.14.5. Adjust language as needed to help victim understand questions.

3.14.6. Identify special circumstances and assistance needed to interview a mentally challenged victim.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Identify language ability level of victim.

2. Identify emotional capability of victim to be interviewed.

3. Communicate in a compassionate and non- judgmental manner.

4. Ensure victim is comfortable and understands the purpose of the interview (officer needs to learn what happened to hurt the victim).

5. Adjust language as needed to help victim understand questions.

6. Identify special circumstances and assistance needed to interview a mentally challenged victim.

Performance Outcome 3.15.

Interview an elderly victim of crime.

Training Objective Relating to 3.15.

1. Given a practical exercise, identify factors to consider when interviewing an elderly victim of a crime.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

3.15.1. Identify language ability level of victim.

3.15.2. Identify emotional and physical capability of victim to be interviewed.

3.15.3. Communicate in a compassionate and non-judgmental manner.

3.15.4. Ensure victim is comfortable and understands the purpose of the interview (officer needs to learn what happened to hurt the victim).

3.15.5. Adjust language as needed to help victim understand questions.

3.15.6. Identify special circumstances and assistance needed to interview a mentally challenged victim.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Identify language ability level of victim.

2. Identify emotional capability of victim to be interviewed.

3. Communicate in a compassionate and non-judgmental manner.

4. Ensure victim is comfortable and understands the purpose of the interview (officer needs to learn what happened to hurt the victim).

5. Adjust language as needed to help victim understand questions.

6. Identify special circumstances and assistance needed to interview a mentally challenged victim.

Performance Outcome 3.16.

Talk with family of adult defendants to advise, inform, and notify.

Training Objective Relating to 3.16.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the information that an officer may provide to the family of an arrested person.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

3.16.1. Type of charge.

3.16.2. Consequences of actions (where held).

3.16.3. Court procedures.

3.16.4. Location of magistrate.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Type of charge.

2. Consequences of actions (where held).

3. Court procedures.

4. Location of magistrate.

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will need to identify department policy regarding information that may be given to the family of adult defendants as part of their department training.

Performance Outcome 3.17.

Prepare incident/offense reports and related paperwork in order to facilitate a misdemeanor or felony prosecution.

Training Objectives Relating to 3.17.

1. Given a practical exercise, prepare an incident/offense report and related paperwork using descriptive sentences in a narrative style.

2. Identify other documentation that should be submitted with the offense report to facilitate prosecution.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

3.17.1. Incident/offense report information:

3.17.1.1. Offense

3.17.1.2. Date/location

3.17.1.3. Time

3.17.1.4. Description of details of offense

3.17.1.5. Victim(s) description(s)

3.17.1.6. Suspect(s) description(s)

3.17.1.7. Complainant/Reporting Party information

3.17.1.8. Witness(es) information.

3.17.2. Other information to be submitted with incident/offense report:

3.17.2.1. Suspect(s), victim(s), witness(es) statements, if any

3.17.2.2. Lab reports and lab analysis should be attached

3.17.2.3. Investigative or follow-up reports to be attached

3.17.2.4. All document should be typewritten or printed.

3.17.3. Prepare a complete case file that would be submitted to a Commonwealth’s attorney.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Offense.

2. Date/location.

3. Time.

4. Description of details of incident/offense.

5. Victim(s) description(s):

a. Full name(s)

b. Address/phone number (include cellular, pager, fax, if available)

c. Date of birth

d. Social security number

e. Employer's name, address, phone number (include cellular, pager, fax, if available).

6. Suspect’s description(s):

a. Full name(s)

b. Address/phone number

c. Date of birth

d. Social security number

e. Any prior criminal history

f. Injuries defendant may have received during arrest (if any)

g. Documentation of circumstances surrounding the injuries and indication if a justifiable use of force was necessary.

7. Complainant/Reporting Party Information:

a. Full name

b. Address/phone number.

8. Witness(es) Information:

a. Full name(s)

b. Addresses/phone numbers

c. Statements.

9. Narrative style:

a. Proper use of grammar

b. Accurate statements of facts

c. Complete and detailed representation of facts

d. Impartial, clear, and concise language

e. Chronological order

f. Past tense

g. Active voice.

10. Other information to be submitted to a Commonwealth’s Attorney with the incident/offense report as part of a case file:

a. Suspect(s), victim(s), witness(es) statements, if any

b. Lab reports and lab analysis should be attached

c. Investigative or follow-up reports to be attached

d. All document should be typewritten or printed.

Performance Outcome 3.18.

Write a field intelligence/interview report.

Training Objectives Relating to 3.18.

1. Given a practical exercise depicting an investigative stop, write a field intelligence/interview report.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

3.18.1. Subject information and description.

3.18.2. Location/date/time of stop.

3.18.3. Circumstances surrounding the stop.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Basic data:

a. Name(s)

b. Address(s)

c. Phone number(s)

d. Date/time of day.

2. Proper use of grammar.

3. Accurate statements of facts.

4. Complete and detailed representation of facts.

5. Impartial, clear, and concise language.

Performance Outcome 3.19.

Write concise word for word statements from suspects, victims and witnesses for admission as evidence.

Training Objectives Related to 3.19.

1. Given a practical exercise, write concise word for word statements from suspects, victims and witnesses for admission as evidence.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

3.19.1. The statement is made under conditions that provide for no duress, threats, or promises.

3.19.2. The statement is written concisely and represents what is said.

3.19.3. The person making the statement is allowed to read and make any corrections.

3.19.4. The person signs the statement voluntarily.

3.19.5. The statement is witnessed.

3.19.6. The date and time of the statement are included.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. The statement is made under conditions that provide for no duress, threats, or promises.

2. The statement is written concisely and represents what is said.

3. The person making the statement is allowed to read and make any corrections.

4. The person signs the statement voluntarily.

5. The statement is witnessed.

6. The date and time of the statement are included.

bscharf

Patrol

Patrol

Performance Outcome 4.1.

Conduct photographic line-up to identify arrestee/suspects.

Training Objective Related to 4.1.

1. Given a written exercise, list factors to consider when doing a photographic lineup.

Criteria: The trainee will be tested on the following:

4.1.1. Same sex

4.1.2. Similar size, build, color, race, ethnic background

4.1.3. Similar background in photo

4.1.4. Using the number of photos specified in the reference “Eyewitness Evidence, a Guide for Law Enforcement” published by the U.S. Department of Justice, present each photo individually in a sequential manner. Use either black/white photos for all or color photos for all.

4.1.5. Descriptors that victim or witnesses provide (instructor to provide for class)

4.1.6. Do not use photos that reflect bias toward one person, i.e. mug shots for some and not all.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Photographic line-up factors:

a. Same sex

b. Similar size, build, color, race, ethnic background

c. Similar background in photo

d. Using the number of photos specified in the reference “Eyewitness Evidence, a Guide for Law Enforcement” published by the U.S. Department of Justice, present each photo individually in a sequential manner. Use either black/white photos for all or color photos for all.

e. Descriptors that victim or witnesses provide (instructor to provide for class)

f. Do not use photos that reflect bias toward one person, i.e. mug shots for some and not all.

2. Approaches for using photo identification

a. Preparing a group of photographs for the witness to review

b. Presenting each photograph individually to the witness

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will be expected to demonstrate a photographic line-up using the above factors correctly during department training. *Reference “Eyewitness Evidence, A Guide for Law Enforcement” published by the U.S. Dept. of Justice.

Performance Outcome 4.2.

Assess need to evacuate buildings and surrounding areas endangered by threat of explosion or by toxic gases, liquids or other hazardous spilled materials.

Training Objective Related to 4.2.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the responsibilities of the first officer on the scene of a hazardous spilled materials incident.

2. Given a written exercise, identify use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) as a hazmat incident.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.2.1. Evaluate the situation.

4.2.2. Identify appropriate agencies to notify and request assistance.

4.2.3. Attempt to establish contact with responsible party for property involved.

4.2.4. Secure the perimeter.

4.2.5. If and when determined such assistance is needed, proceed to evacuate the designated building and areas.

4.2.6. Identify indicators and effects of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) on individuals and property.

4.2.7. Identify signs and symptoms common to initial victims of a WMD hazmat incident.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Evaluate the situation.

2. Identify appropriate agencies to notify and request assistance.

3. Attempt to establish contact with responsible party for property involved.

4. Secure the perimeter.

5. If and when determined such assistance is needed, proceed to evacuate the designated building and areas.

6. Identify indicators and effects of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) on individuals and property.

7. Identify signs and symptoms common to initial victims of a WMD hazmat incident.

Performance Outcome 4.3.

Locate vehicle identification number.

Training Objective Related to 4.3.

1. Given a written, audio-visual, or practical exercise, inspect a vehicle to locate vehicle identification number.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.3.1. Locate a vehicle identification number (VIN).

4.3.2. Identify locations of hidden VIN numbers.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Typical vehicle identification number locations for several models.

2. Locations for hidden VIN numbers.

Instructor Note: Reference the National Auto Theft Book to explain meanings of numbers and letters of vehicle identification numbers.

Performance Outcome 4.4.

Inspect motor vehicle to identify safety violations.

Training Objective Related to 4.4.

1. Given a written exam, inspect motor vehicle to identify safety violations.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.4.1. Identify procedure for visually inspecting a non-commercial vehicle for safety and equipment violations.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Identify procedure for visually inspecting a non-commercial vehicle for safety and equipment violations.

2. Review current state inspection receipt.

3. Identify the exception: Commercial vehicles requiring a commercial driver’s license.

Performance Outcome 4.5.

Patrol areas restricted due to man-made or natural disasters.

Training Objective Related to 4.5.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the factors to consider related to controlling movement of individuals and vehicles in a restricted area.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.5.1. Identify boundaries in disturbance area.

4.5.2. Identify restrictions on an individual passing through area.

4.5.3. Identify restrictions on vehicles passing through area.

4.5.4. Identify curfew limitations.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Identify boundaries in disturbance area.

2. Identify restrictions on an individual passing through area.

3. Identify restrictions on vehicles passing through area.

4. Identify curfew limitations.

Instructor Note: Advise trainees of §15.2-1714 related to members of the press being permitted to cross police lines unless this may interfere with evidence, police, firefighters, or emergency personnel in the performance of their duties. However, a record of entry and exit of such persons MUST be made as part of normal procedure.

Performance Outcome 4.6.

Establish a security perimeter.

Training Objective Related to 4.6.

1. Given a written or practical exercise, identify the procedure to follow to establish a security perimeter.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.6.1. Assign an officer to possible points of entry/exit to restrict unauthorized entry or exit.

4.6.2. Assign an officer to record everyone who enters or exits.

4.6.3. Rope off crime scene areas.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Assign an officer to possible points of entry/exit to restrict unauthorized entry or exit.

2. Assign an officer to record everyone who enters or exits.

3. Rope off crime scene areas.

Instructor Note: Advise trainees of §15.2-1714 related to members of the press being permitted to cross police lines unless this may interfere with evidence, police, firefighters, or emergency personnel in the performance of their duties. However, a record of entry and exit of such persons MUST be made as part of normal procedure.

Performance Outcome 4.7.

Develop and maintain field contacts and intelligence sources.

Training Objective Related to 4.7.

1. Given a written exam, identify methods to develop and maintain field contacts and intelligence sources.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.7.1. Positive/negative elements of field contacts/intelligence sources.      

4.7.2. Methods to make and/or maintain contact.                                            

4.7.3. Factors that affect the usefulness of information.                                     

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Positive/negative elements of field contacts/intelligence sources:

a. Drug users/Dealers

b. Thieves

c. Street people

d. Neighbors/residents/shop owners

e. Service personnel

f. Fellow officers

g. Gangs (rivals)

h. Others as may be identified

2. Methods to make and/or maintain contact:

a. Safety of officer and contact:

1. Phone contacts (limit use of names)

2. Personal contacts

b. Third party contacts

3. Factors that affect the usefulness of information:

a. Timeliness

b. Validity of information

Performance Outcome 4.8.

Investigate a suspicious vehicle.

Training Objective Related to 4.8.

1. Given a written, audio-visual, or practical exercise, identify factors to consider to investigate suspicious vehicles.  

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.8.1. Identification of a suspicious vehicle.

4.8.2. Approach to a suspicious vehicle.    

4.8.3. Location of a suspicious vehicle.       

4.8.4. Safety considerations.

4.8.5. Time of day.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Identification of a suspicious vehicle.

2. Approach to a suspicious vehicle.

3. Location of a suspicious vehicle.

4. Safety considerations.

5. Time of day.

Performance Outcome 4.9.

Request use of a police dog appropriately.

Training Objective Related to 4.9.

1. Given a written exercise, identify factors to consider related to use of a K-9.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.9.1. Appropriate uses of a K-9:

4.9.1.1. Searches for people, evidence, and contraband.

4.9.1.2. Crowd control.

4.9.1.3. Apprehension of suspect.

4.9.2. Factors which affect ability of a K-9 to track:

4.9.2.1. Scent obtainable.

4.9.2.2. Area not trampled by numerous people.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Appropriate uses of a K-9:

a. Searches for people, evidence, and contraband.

b. Crowd control.

c. Apprehension of suspect.

2. Factors which affect ability of a K-9 to track:

a. Scent obtainable.

b. Area not trampled by numerous people.

3. The legal issues involved with using a police dog.

4. Multiple types of tracking used by K-9s:

a. Ground scent

b. Air scent

c. Note differences in use of bloodhounds and patrol canines and capabilities of both.

5. Officer safety concerns:

a. Role of K-9 handler in controlling canine.

b. K-9 confusion possibilities when several people run at the same time.

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will be expected to identify their department policy related to use of a K-9 during their department training.

Performance Outcome 4.10.

Restore peace at a loud party.

Training Objective Related to 4.10.

1. Given a written or practical exercise, identify appropriate response to reduce noise or restore peace at loud parties.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.10.1. Identify Code of Virginia statutes related to noise violations or the preservation of peace.

4.10.2. Identify the person who is responsible for the premises on which the noise violation occurs.

4.10.3. Identify communication skills useful to enforcing noise ordinances.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Identify Code of Virginia statutes related to noise violations or the preservation of peace (§15.2-1220; §15.2-1700).

2. Identify the person who is responsible for the premises on which the noise violation occurs.

3. Identify communication skills useful to enforcing noise ordinances.

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will need to identify local ordinances related to noise violations during department training.

Performance Outcome 4.11.

Provide building security.

Training Objective Related to 4.11.

1. Given a written or practical exercise, identify factors to consider when performing non-business hours building security checks.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.11.1. Observe area before approach.

4.11.2. Foot vs. mobile approach.

4.11.3. Look for irregularities.

4.11.4. Check vehicles in lots.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Observe area before approach.

2. Foot vs. mobile approach.

3. Make a physical check of the building, looking and testing for irregularities (unlocked or open doors & windows, broken glass, nonsecure deadbolts, items in disarray, suspicious persons, etc.)

4. Check vehicles in lots.

5. Check rear view mirror when leaving.

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will need to identify department policy related to false alarms as part of their department training.

Performance Outcome 4.12.

Observe individual to recognize signs of abnormal behavior. Assess need for mental or medical evaluation, or help and resources from another source. Take into involuntary custody a person displaying behavior that gives the officer probable cause to believe that mental illness exists using the appropriate Code of Virginia requirements.

Training Objective Related to 4.12.

Given a written and practical exercise:

1. Identify behaviors that may indicate possible mental illness or other maladaptive and/or dangerous speech or actions that require law enforcement intervention.

2. Identify behaviors that may indicate possible dementia or Alzheimer’s Disease that may require law enforcement intervention.

3. Take into involuntary custody a person displaying behavior that gives the officer probable cause to believe that mental illness exists using the appropriate Code of Virginia requirements.

4. Given a written exercise, identify relevant law enforcement issues relating to homeless            

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.12.1. Signs of abnormal behavior or dementia/Alzheimer’s disease of a person or arrestee.

4.12.1.1. Abnormal behaviors and physical signs that may be observed by officers.

4.12.1.2. Possible danger to officer from person or arrestee behaving abnormall.y

4.12.1.3. Appropriate action to be taken related to abnormal behavior observed.

4.12.1.4. Communication to the booking officer and/or jailor of any statements or behavioral observations that indicate danger to the arrestee or others.

4.12.2. Identify legal requirements to take into involuntary custody a person displaying behavior that gives the officer probable cause to believe that mental illness exists using the appropriate Code of Virginia requirements:

4.12.2.1. Identify and be able to articulate conditions for an emergency custody order.

4.12.2.2. Identify and be able to articulate conditions for a temporary detention order.

4.12.2.3. Identify procedures for obtaining an emergency custody order or temporary detention order.

4.12.2.4. Identify procedure for securing, searching, and transporting a person who meets the criteria of an emergency custody order or temporary detention order including a change of voluntary consent for transport to placement under emergency custody while in transport.

4.12.2.5. Identify conditions that provide a law enforcement officer the ability to obtain health care records under § 32.1-127/1:03.D.2.

4.12.2.6. Identify conditions for transfer of custody of person under emergency custody order under §37.2-808 E.

4.12.3. Identify relevant law enforcement issues relating to homeless persons.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Examples of abnormal behaviors or dementia/Alzheimer’s Disease of a person or arrestee:

a. Disorders commonly responsible for abnormal behavior.

b. Abnormal behaviors and physical signs that may be observed by officers.

c. Possible danger to officer from person or arrestee behaving abnormally.

d. Appropriate sources and types of information useful in assessing a person’s behavior.

e. Importance of seeking help for persons suffering from an emotional crisis.

f. Appropriate action to be taken related to abnormal behavior observed.

g. Communication to the booking officer and/or jailor of any statements or behavioral observations that indicate danger to the arrestee or others.

h. Monitor those in your custody who exhibit abnormal behavior to ensure their safety and the safety of others.

2. Identify legal requirements to take into involuntary custody a person displaying behavior that gives the officer probable cause to believe that mental illness exists using the appropriate Code of Virginia requirements:

a. Identify and be able to articulate conditions for an emergency custody order.

b. Identify and be able to articulate conditions for a temporary detention order.

c. Identify procedures for obtaining an emergency custody order or temporary detention order.

d. Identify procedure for securing, searching, and transporting a person who meets the criteria of an emergency custody order or temporary detention order including a change of voluntary consent for transport to placement under emergency while in transport (§  37.2-808(H)).

e. Identify conditions that provide a law enforcement officer the ability to obtain health care records under §32.1-127/1:03.D.2.

f. Identify conditions for transfer of custody of person under emergency custody order under §37.2-808 E.

3. Identify relevant law enforcement issues relating to homeless persons.

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will need to identify department policy related to taking into involuntary custody a person who displays abnormal behavior and to identify locations to deliver this person as part of department training.

Performance Outcome 4.13.

Respond to and conduct a preliminary, follow-up or continuing investigation (when assigned) of family disturbances, family offenses, or family abuse.

Training Objective Related to 4.13.

1. Given a written exercise, define the following:

a. Family disturbances

b. Family offenses

c. Family abuse

d. Family or household member

2.  Given a written exercise, define the meaning of the following legal papers:

a. Emergency Protective Order

b Preliminary Protective Order

c. Permanent Protective Order

3.  Given a written exercise, identify the correct procedures for service of the following legal papers:

a. Emergency Protective Order (including telephonic order)

b. Preliminary Protective Order

c. Permanent Protective Order

4. Given a practical exercise, respond to and conduct a preliminary, follow-up, or continuing investigation of family disturbances, family offenses, or family abuse.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.13.1. Definition of the following:

4.13.1.1. Family disturbances

4.13.1.2. Family offenses

4.13.1.3. Family abuse

4.13.1.4. Family or household member

4.13.2. Definition of the following legal papers:

4.13.2.1. Emergency Protective Order

4.13.2.2. Preliminary Protective Order

4.13.2.3. Permanent Protective Order

4.13.3. Identification of the correct procedures for service of the following:

4.13.3.1. Emergency Protective Order (including telephonic order)

4.13.3.2. Preliminary Protective Order

4.13.3.3. Permanent Protective Order

4.13.4.The appropriate law enforcement response to these calls:

4.13.4.1. Evaluate the scene.

4.13.4.2. Provide aid and assistance as may be needed, including officer’s responsibility for making arrangements for transporting victim.

4.13.4.3. Interview victim (determining willingness to cooperate with investigation if adult, however, other evidence may be used if victim is unwilling), witness(es) (if any) and suspect(s) (if and/or when identified).

4.13.4.4. Identify, record, collect and/or preserve physical evidence.

4.13.4.5. Determine the offense, the predominant physical aggressor, and appropriate charges.

4.13.4.6. Arrest the predominant physical aggressor.

4.13.4.7. Make referrals for help services, i.e., Child Protective Services, social services, rape counseling, domestic violence shelters, etc.

4.13.4.8. Get warrant for the arrest; petition for an emergency protective order for the victim; if issued serve the emergency protective order then take to the communications center and take appropriate steps to have entered into VCIN.

4.13.4.9. Record findings on standard report forms to assist investigation in determining what, if any, crime has occurred.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Definition of the following terms:

a. Family disturbances

b. Family offenses

c. Family abuse

d. Family or household member

2. The appropriate law enforcement response to these calls:

a. Evaluate the scene.

b. Provide aid and assistance as may be needed (include officer’s responsibility for making arrangements for transporting victim).

c. Interview victim (determine willingness to cooperate with investigation; if adult, however, other evidence may be used if victim is unwilling); witness(es) (if any); suspect(s) (if and/or when identified).

d. Identify, record, collect and/or preserve physical evidence.

e. Determine offense, predominant physical aggressor, & appropriate charges.

f. If probable cause exists, petition for an emergency protective order (by telephone if necessary).

g. Arrest the predominant physical aggressor and take before a magistrate:

1. Identify “Special Circumstances” for not making an arrest

h. Get warrant for the arrest; petition for an emergency protective order for the victim; if issued serve the emergency protective order then take to the communications center and take appropriate steps to have entered into VCIN.

i. Research all records for past reported case history (may ask for this en route)

j. Make referrals for help services, i.e., Child Protective Services, social services, rape counseling, domestic violence shelters, etc.

k. Subpoena medical records if needed.

L. Record findings on standard report forms to assist investigation in determining what, if any, crime has occurred.

3. Define the meaning of the following legal papers:

a. Emergency Protective Order

b. Preliminary Protective Order

c. Permanent Protective Order

4. Identify the correct procedures for service of the following legal papers:

a. Emergency Protective Order (including telephonic order)

b. Preliminary Protective Order

c. Permanent Protective Order

5. Identify circumstances to make a custodial arrest in lieu of a summons.

a. Court order exists

b. Continuing threat of violence

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will need to identify department policy related to family abuse issues as part of department training:

a. Special circumstances for not making an arrest

b. Officer’s responsibility for making arrangements for transporting victim

Performance Outcome 4.14.

Respond to and conduct a preliminary investigation of events related to destruction of property.

Training Objective Related to 4.14.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the duties of the first responding officer to investigate events related to destruction of property.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.14.1. Notify proper authorities.

4.14.2. Protect the crime scene according to requirements of the nature of the crime.

4.14.3. Locate witnesses.

4.14.4. Assist as needed on scene.

4.14.5. Complete necessary reports.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define destruction of property as willful or malicious destruction or defacement of public or private property.

2. Notify proper authorities.

3. Protect the crime scene according to requirements of the nature of the crime.

4. Locate witnesses.

5. Assist as needed on scene.

6. Complete necessary reports.

Performance Outcome 4.15.

Conduct a preliminary investigation of controlled substances offenses, and follow-up investigation when assigned.

Training Objective Related to 4.15.

1. Given a written exercise, identify factors to consider related to investigation of controlled substances.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.15.1. Characteristics of commonly abused controlled and non-controlled substances:

4.15.1.1. Marijuana

4.15.1.2. Hallucinogens

4.15.1.3. Barbiturates/amphetamines

4.15.1.4. Opiates

4.15.1.5. Inhalants

4.15.1.6. Abused prescriptions

4.15.2. Common street packaging of controlled substances for illegal sale:

4.15.2.1. Marijuana

4.15.2.2. Hallucinogens

4.15.2.3. Barbiturates/amphetamines

4.15.2.4. Opiates

4.15.2.5. Inhalant

4.15.2.6. Abused prescriptions

4.15.3. Identification of various forms of drug paraphernalia.

4.15.4. Identification of the factors to consider in a controlled substances investigation, arrest, and prosecution.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Characteristics of commonly abused controlled and non-controlled substances:

a. Marijuana

b. Hallucinogens

c. Barbiturates/amphetamines

d. Opiates

e. Inhalants

f. Abused prescriptions

2. Common street packaging of controlled substances for illegal sale:

a. Marijuana -- 1/4 oz. or 1/2 oz., ounces to pounds usually plastic baggies; kilos can be plastic to paper, usually wrapped with duct tape.

b. Powder Cocaine -- grams, 8-balls, quarter oz., half oz., corners cut from baggies to whole baggies for larger amounts.

c. Heroin -- tin foil packages for small amounts; also small zip lock bags to whole baggies for larger amounts; Richmond glassine paper.

d. PCP (phencyclidine) -- tin foil for small amounts; vanilla extract bottles for liquid; large amounts -- baggies to mason jars.

e. Methamphetamine -- sold in similar containers as cocaine.

f. Crack Cocaine -- sold in similar containers as powder.

g. GHBs, Ecstasy -- usually sold in capsules.

h. Mushrooms -- baggies

i. LSD -- paper (usually blotter type).

j. Pills -- no set packaging.

k. Hash oil -- small jars (usually amber in color).

Note: Most street sales will use the small baggies -- usually corners cut from a sandwich baggie and a twisty to close it. There are other indicators: people hanging on corners, vehicles stopping for a short time, hand signals, etc. Usually an officer won’t see an exchange of the dope because the amounts are small and can be palmed. They will probably see money come back, but not always. Keep in mind that the training and experience of the officer is what the court looks at in its decisions. New officers should realize that basic training is an introduction to investigation of controlled substances and plan on additional training as they gain experience.

3. Identification of various forms of drug paraphernalia.

4. Identification of the factors to consider in a controlled substances investigation and prosecution:

a. Establishing probable cause for arrest.

b. Evidence handling package (see Division of Forensic Science (DFS) “Evidence Handling Guide”).

c. Evidence preservation.

d. Evidence submission (to forensic lab).

e. Suitability of field test use.

f. Filing of search warrant.

g. Suspect history/prior record.

h. Suspect/witness relationship.

i. Obtain lab analysis report information and file lab report with clerk of the court at least 7 days prior to trial.

j. Prepare for grand jury or court presentation.

k. Prepare for pre-trial conference (with commonwealth’s attorney).

l. Prepare seizure reports (money, vehicles, guns, etc.).

m. Dispose of drugs (court order).

n. Check with informants/concerned citizens.

o. Testimony regarding field tests related to controlled substances (§19.2-188.1).

5. Identify the hazards involved in dealing with a clandestine lab and describe the safety precautions which an officer should take under these circumstances.

Performance Outcome 4.16.

Respond to and conduct a preliminary investigation of events related to an animal complaint.

Training Objective Related to 4.16.

Given a written exercise:

1. Identify criminal violations related to animal behavior.

2. Identify criminal violations related to cruelty to animals.

3. Identify criminal violations related to animal fighting.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.16.1. Statute on complaints related to animal behavior.

4.16.2. Statute on complaints about cruelty to animals.

4.16.3. Steps for responding to complaints: (§3.2-6571):

4.16.3.1. If not an immediate threat to officer or public, notify animal control or proper authority.

4.16.3.2. If an immediate threat, the officer must control the situation taking precautions that no bystanders will be endangered.

4.16.3.3. Identify equipment or weapons needed to control the situation given the size, speed, strength, and aggression of animal(s) with knowledge that intermediate impact weapons (such as batons) are not recommended.

 4.16.3.3.1. If the animal is aggressive and the officer has time and the necessary resources or equipment the officer should attempt to put a physical barrier (i.e. trashcan or vehicle) between himself and the animal while redirecting the animals attention or subduing the animal using less lethal tactics (i.e. food, treats, chemical spray, conducted electronic weapon discharged sideways, discharge of a fire extinguisher or lit flare).

4.16.3.3.2. If the animal is charging or attacking, the officer is permitted to protect the public and defend himself through the use of force to include lethal force.

4.16.3.4. Identify methods for destruction of injured animals when no animal control officer is available.

4.16.4. Animal fighting:

4.16.4.1. Identify animal fighting activities and/or venues and work with animal control officers (where available) in responding to any related criminal activity. 

4.16.4.2. Identify possible criminal activity associated with animal fighting.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Complaints related to animal behavior (§3.2-6540).

2. Complaints about cruelty to animals (§18.2-403.1, §3.2-6570):

a. If not an immediate threat to officer or public, notify animal control or proper authority.

b. If an immediate threat, the officer must control the situation taking precautions that no bystanders will be endangered.

c. Identify equipment or weapons needed to control the situation given the  size, speed, strength, and aggression of animal(s) .

1. If the animal is aggressive and the officer has time and the necessary resources or equipment the officer should attempt to put a physical barrier (i.e. trashcan or vehicle) between himself and the animal while redirecting the animals attention or subduing the animal using less lethal tactics (i.e. food, treats, chemical spray, conducted electronic weapon discharged sideways, discharge of a fire extinguisher or lit flare).

2. If the animal is charging or attacking, the officer is permitted to protect the public and defend himself through the use of force to include lethal force .

3. Identify methods for destruction of injured animals when no animal control officer is available.

d. Identify methods for destruction of injured animals when no animal control officer is available.

3. Animal fighting (§ 3.2-6571)

a. Identify animal fighting activities and/or venues and work with animal control officers (where available) in responding to any related criminal activity.

b. Identify possible criminal activity associated with animal fighting:

1. Animal cruelty

2. Unlawful wagering

3. Controlled substances

4. Grand or petit larceny

5. Unlawful transportation of animals

6. Conspiracy to commit criminal acts

7. Others as instructor may identify

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will need to identify local ordinances and department policy related to animal complaints as part of their department training.

Performance Outcome 4.17.

Respond to and conduct preliminary investigation of events related to lost/missing/abducted person.

Training Objective Related to 4.17.

1. Given a written or practical exercise, identify the duties of the first officer to conduct a preliminary investigation of events related to lost, missing or abducted person.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.17.1. Complete identification of a person:

4.17.1.1. Name

4.17.1.2. Age/Date of Birth

4.17.1.3. Date, time last seen

4.17.1.4. Description/photo

4.17.1.5. Others with him/her, if any

4.17.1.6. First time or repeat

4.17.1.7. Known frequented locations

4.17.1.8. Repealed

4.17.1.9. Special or secret hide-a-way (even old ones)

4.17.1.10. Conversations about leaving residence

4.17.2. Special or suspicious circumstances under which to notify a supervisor immediately for determination of getting additional resources.

4.17.2.1. Missing child ( 52-32).

4.17.2.2. Elderly/persons with dementia specific illnesses or Alzheimer’s Disease.

4.17.2.3.  Missing adult with mental or physical disabilities or needing medication and critically missing adults 15.2-1718.2.

4.17.2.4. Danger due to weather.

4.17.2.5. (Repealed)

4.17.2.6. Review definition of abducted child ( 52-34 and the criteria for issuing an Amber Alert (52-34.3 and Senior Alert ( 52-34.6).

4.17.3. Search last known location first, surrounding area, nearby hazards, and vehicles.

4.17.4. Crime scene protection, if needed.

4.17.5. Collect, preserve, and maintain evidence.

4.17.6. Use a Virginia State Police Missing Children Information Clearinghouse Form (State Police Form SP-183) to report a missing child as defined by the Code of Virginia 52-32. Access the Virginia State Police Amber Alert Activation Request website  or submit an Amber Alert Form to initiate an Alert for an abducted child. Use an affidavit for missing person age  21or over (State Police Form SP-67) to report a missing adult. Use the Virginia State Police Senior Alert Program Form to request a local, regional, or statewide notification of a missing senior adult.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Statutory requirements for searching for missing persons.

2. Complete the identification of the person:

a. Name

b. Age/date of birth

c. Date, time last seen

d. Description/photo

e. Others with him/her, if any

f. First time or repeat

g. Known frequented locations

h. (Repealed)

i. Special or secret hide-a-way (even old ones)

j. Conversations about leaving residence

3. Special or suspicious circumstances under which to notify a supervisor immediately:

a. Missing child (§ 52-32) 

b. Elderly /persons with dementia specific illnesses or Alzheimer’s Disease

c. Missing adult with mental or physical disabilities or needing medication and critically missing adults (§ 15.2-1718.2)

d. Danger due to weather

e. (Repealed) 

f. Search/canine teams possibly useful

g. Identify the statutory requirements and criteria for issuing a local, regional, or statewide Amber Alert § 52-34.1 and § 52-34.3. 39

h. Identify the statutory requirements and criteria for issuing a local, regional, or statewide Senior Alert § 52-34.4 of the Code of Virginia.

4. Search last known location first, surrounding area, nearby hazards, and vehicles.

5. Search homes of relatives and friends.

6. Search frequented locations.

7. Conduct neighborhood canvas.

8. Involvement of Department of Emergency Services.

9. Crime scene protection, if needed.

10. Collect, preserve, and maintain evidence.

11.  Use a Virginia State Police Missing Children Information Clearinghouse Form (State Police Form SP-183) to report a missing child as defined by the Code of Virginia § 52-32. Access the Virginia State Police Amber Alert Activation Request website or submit an Amber Alert Form to initiate an Alert for an abducted child. Use an affidavit for missing person age  21 or over (State Police Form SP- 67) to report a missing adult. Use the Virginia State Police Senior Alert Program Form to  request a local, regional, or statewide notification of a missing senior adult. 

12. Search protocol for person’s suffering from Alzheimer’s Disease or dementia:

a. Identify reasons that cause AD subjects to become lost easily.

b. Identify reasons that initiating a search effort is urgent.

c. Identify search crucials:

1.  Treat the point last seen as a crime scene and keep people out.

2. Check house and immediate grounds even if done already.

3. Notify media and ask for public assistance.

4. Notify post office and ask letter carriers to be on alert.

5. Alert local government people who are outside when working.

6.  Search at night.

7. Point last seen provides the best clues for searchers and dogs.

8. Others as may be noted by the instructor.

d. Identify characteristics of the lost/wanderer.

e. Identify critical initial actions including collection of search data.

f. Identify possible resources to aid in conducting a search:

1. Safe Return

2. Search and Rescue

3. Project Lifesaver

4. Tracking dogs

5. Others as may be identified by instructor

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will need to identify and follow department procedures to enter information into NCIC and VCIN as well as identify department policy and procedures on searches and will learn these as part of their department training.

1. Complete all documentation related to a lost person for entry into NCIC and VCIN.

2. Complete all documentation related to a missing person for entry into NCIC and VCIN.

3. Complete all documentation related to a kidnapped person for entry into NCIC and VCIN.

Performance Outcome 4.18.

Respond to a residential alarm and an in-progress alarm.

Training Objective Related to 4.18.

1. Given a written, audio-visual, or practical exercise, identify or demonstrate appropriate actions for a residential alarm and an in-progress alarm.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

Residential alarm:

4.18.1. Coordinate response with back-up units.

4.18.2. Use tactical approach:

4.18.2.1. Vehicle placement

4.18.2.2. Cover and concealment

4.18.2.3. Observe area

4.18.2.4. Avoid “police noises,” i.e., jangling keys, squeaky leather, radio.

4.18.3. Security check of area.

4.18.4. Contact complainant or responsible party.

In-progress alarm:

4.18.5. Coordinate units responding to the call.

4.18.6. Use tactical approach:

4.18.6.1.  Vehicle placement

4.18.6.2.  Cover and concealment

4.18.6.3.  Observe area.

4.18.6.4. Avoid “police noises,” i.e., jangling keys, squeaky leather, radio.

4.18.6.5. Methods for responding to crimes in progress and an example for each method.

4.18.6.6. Factors to be considered when determining the method to be utilized in response to crimes in progress.

4.18.6.7. Factors upon which an officer should base the selection of a response route.

4.18.6.8. Tactical responsibilities of the primary unit responding to a crime in progress.

4.18.7. Communicate with the manager or person in charge through dispatch or telephone to determine if the suspect is still on the premises or has left.

4.18.8. If suspect is still on premises, maintain cover position and treat as hostage situation from this point.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

Residential alarm:

1. Coordinate response with back-up units.

2. Use tactical approach:

a. Vehicle placement

b. Cover and concealment

c. Observe area

d. Avoid “police noises,” i.e., jangling keys, squeaky leather, radio.

3. Security check of area.

4. Contact complainant or responsible party.

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will need to identify department policy on false alarms as part of department training.

In-progress alarm:

1. Coordinate units responding to the call.

2. Use tactical approach

a. Vehicle placement

b. Cover and concealment

c. Observe area.

d. Avoid “police noises,” i.e., jangling keys, squeaky leather, radio.

e. Methods for responding to crimes in progress and an example for each method.

f. Factors to be considered when determining the method to be utilized in response to crimes in progress.

g. Factors upon which an officer should base the selection of a response route.

h.  Tactical responsibilities of the primary unit responding to a crime in progress.

3. Communicate with the manager or person in charge through dispatch or telephone to determine if the suspect is still on the premises or has left.

4. If suspect is still on premises, maintain cover position and treat as hostage situation from this point.

Performance Outcome 4.19.

Investigate suspicious person or activity.

Training Objective Related to 4.19.

1. Given a written, audio-visual or practical exercise, identify the legal requirements and procedures for stopping and interviewing a person related to suspicious activity.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.19.1. Define suspicious activity.

4.19.2. Identify and describe factors that make a specific activity suspicious.

4.19.3. Identify a consensual stop vs. investigative detention.

4.19.4. Define the purpose of a field interview.

4.19.5. Identify the legal basis for stopping and interviewing a person.

4.19.6. Identify three factors of those in the lesson plan that may lead to investigation of suspicious activity.

4.19.7. Identify procedures to be followed when interviewing a suspect who is part of the investigation of suspicious activity.

4.19.8. Identify enforcement options when dealing with juveniles who have committed offense(s.)

4.19.9. Identify procedures for responding to a prowler complaint.

4.19.10. Describe or conduct a field interview of a suspicious person conforming to constitutional requirements.

4.19.11. Identify factors that may contribute to biased policing.

4.19.12. Identify resources available to assist in the investigation of suspicious activity.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define suspicious activity.

2. Identify and describe factors that make a specific activity suspicious (reasonable belief based on articulable facts that a person is guilty of a crime).

3. Identify a consensual stop vs. investigative detention.

4. Define the purpose of a field interview.

5. Identify the legal basis for stopping and interviewing a person:

a. Identify factors that permit conducting a pat down.

6. Identify factors that may lead to investigation of suspicious activity:

a. Sounds or noise out of place for the circumstances or environment.

b. Police observation of suspicious conduct.

c. Complaint of suspicious conduct.

d. Specific information from an informant that the suspect is committing or about to commit a crime.

e. A corroborated anonymous tip.

f. Refusal to leave an area secured by police officers.

g. The characteristics where the investigation occurs.

h. The time of the occurrence (day or night).

i. Any suspicious conduct of the person under investigation, such as an attempt to avoid officers on the discovery of their presence.  

j. The character of the offense of which the individual is suspected:

1. Talking with the suspect

7. Identify procedures to be followed when interviewing a suspect who is part of the investigation of suspicious activity:

a. Define the purpose of field interviews.

b. Identify the legal basis for stopping and interviewing a person.

c. Identify and determine age of suspect.

d. Identify if a crime has occurred.

e. Check for wants and warrants through VCIN and NCIC.

f. Take enforcement action and/or document field interview.

8. Identify enforcement options when dealing with juveniles who have committed offense(s):

a. Notify and release to parent/guardian or other responsible party.

b. Transport to juvenile intake.

c. Transport to juvenile detention.

9. Identify procedures for responding to a prowler complaint:

a. Coordinate response with back-up units.

b. Use tactical approach:

1. Vehicle placement

2. Cover and concealment

3. Observe area

c. Security check of area.

d. Contact complainant or responsible party.

10. Identify factors that may contribute to biased policing:

a. Family influence

b. Culture

c. Religion

d. Race

e. Gender

f. Environment/geographic influences

g. Socio-economic influences

h. Others as instructor may identify

11. Identify resources available to assist in the investigation of suspicious activity:

            a. Terrorist Screening Center

            b. Virginia Fusion Center                

Performance Outcome 4.20.

Search for a person in a building or environment.

Training Objective Related to 4.20.

1. Given a written or practical exercise, identify procedures to search for a person in a building or environment as applicable.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.20.1. Observe the scene.

4.20.2. Request backup/appropriate resources (such as canine or tactical unit).

4.20.3. Use appropriate search methods as applicable to building or environment.

4.20.4. Conduct search using officer safety procedures.

4.20.5. Proceed through building or area until person is found or building/area confirmed empty.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Observe the scene.

2. Request backup/appropriate resources (such as canine or tactical unit.)

3. Use appropriate search methods as applicable:

a. Grid

b. Line

c. Area

d. Expanding circle

4. Conduct search using officer safety procedures.

5. Proceed through building or area until person is found or building/area confirmed empty.

Performance Outcome 4.21.                                                

Identify and document signs of gang activity.

Training Objective Related to 4.21.

1. Given a written, audio-visual, or practical exercise, identify/document signs of gang activity.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.21.1. Common characteristics of gangs including but not limited to:

4.21.1.1. Initiation practices

4.21.1.2. Hand signals

4.21.1.3. Structured style of dress (colors, clothing type, headgear, etc.)

4.21.1.4. Markings, tattoos

4.21.1.5. Specific geographic territorial claim or identifiable leadership

4.21.1.6. Association with three or more individuals, who identify themselves as a group by name or symbol and are involved in a pattern of criminal conduct

4.21.1.6.1. Includes certain drug sales, distribution, transportation, possession and manufacturing crimes

4.21.2. Define unlawful hazing of gang members.

4.21.2.1.Causing bodily injury by hazing of gang members or person seeking to become a gang member unlawful;

4.21.2.2. Recklessly or intentionally endanger the health or safety of a person to inflict bodily injury on a person in connection with or for the purpose of initiation, admission into or affiliation with or as a condition of continued membership in a criminal street gang.

4.21.3. Information to record in VCIN for statutory reporting requirements.

4.21.4. Identify gang free zones.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Common characteristics of gangs including but not limited to:

a. Initiation practices

b. Hand signals

c. Structured style of dress (colors, clothing type, headgear, etc.)

d. Markings, tattoos

e. Specific geographic territorial claim or identifiable leadership

f. Association with three or more individuals, who identify themselves as a group by name or symbol and are involved in a pattern of criminal conduct:

1. Includes certain drug sales, distribution, transportation, possession and manufacturing crimes

2. Define unlawful hazing of gang members:

a. Causing bodily injury by hazing of gang members or person seeking to become a gang member unlawful.

b. Recklessly or intentionally endanger the health or safety of a person to inflict bodily injury on a person in connection with or for the purpose of initiation, admission into or affiliation with or as a condition of continued membership in a criminal street gang.

3. Information to record in VCIN for statutory reporting requirements. (§52-8.6 and 18.2-46.1).

4. Identify gang free zones (Code of Virginia 18.2-46.3:3).

Performance Outcome 4.22.

Handle a runaway complaint.

Training Objective Related to 4.22.

1. Given a written or practical exam, identify procedures to handle a runaway complaint.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.22.1. Information to obtain for a runaway complaint:

4.22.1.1. Name

4.22.1.2. Age of runaway

4.22.1.3. Date, time last seen

4.22.1.4. Description/photo

4.22.1.5. Associates with him/her, if any

4.22.1.6. Previous incidents of running away

4.22.1.7. Suspicious circumstances

4.22.1.8. Known frequented locations

4.22.1.9. Conversations about running away and where the youth would go

4.22.1.10. Complete a Virginia State Police Missing Children Information Clearinghouse Form (State Police Form SP-183) to report a missing child person as defined by the Code of Virginia § 52-32 and enter the data into the Virginia Criminal Information Network and the National Crime Information Center Systems.

4.22.1.11 (Repealed)

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Information to obtain for a runaway complaint:

a. Name

b. Age of runaway

c. Date, time last seen

d. Description/photo

e. Associates with him/her, if any

f. Previous incidents of running away

g. Suspicious circumstances

h. Known frequented locations

i. Conversations about running away and where the youth would go

j. Complete Virginia State Police Missing Children Information Clearinghouse Form (State Police Form SP-183) to report a missing child as defined by the Code of Virginia § 52-32 and enter the data into the Virginia Criminal Information Network and the National Crime Information Center Systems.

k. (Repealed)

2. Cross-reference standard 2.6 regarding circumstances for dealing with juveniles and emphasize those areas where a detention order is not needed to pick up a juvenile and return him or her to his or her domicile.

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will need to identify department policy related to handling a runaway complaint as part of their department training.

Performance Outcome 4.23.

Search a suspect vehicle with probable cause or incident to arrest. Transport and escort arrestees or prisoners to various destinations, searching patrol vehicles before and after transport.

Training Objective Related to 4.23.

1. Given a practical exercise, search a vehicle for weapons, contraband or evidence.

2. Given a written or practical exercise, identify or demonstrate the procedures for escorting and transporting arrestees or prisoners.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.23.1. Search of a vehicle with probable cause or incident to arrest.

4.23.1.1. Identify techniques to search a vehicle for the following:

4.23.1.1.1. Weapons

4.23.1.1.2. Contraband

4.23.1.1.3. Evidence

4.23.2. Transport and escort of arrestees or prisoners to various destinations.

4.23.2.1. Search and secure arrestee prior to departure to an outside destination and prior to leaving facility to return to place of incarceration:

4.23.2.1.1. Handcuff arrestee/prisoner with hands to rear.

4.23.2.1.2. Search waistband and pockets for weapons.

4.23.2.1.3. Search head to toe.

4.23.2.1.4. Move to the patrol vehicle:

4.23.2.1.4.1. Protect head while placing arrestee/prisoner in vehicle.

4.23.2.1.4.2. Fasten seatbelt around arrestee/prisoner.

4.23.2.2. Vehicle with cage:

4.23.2.2.1. Place in right rear, handcuffed behind the back, and seatbelted in.

4.23.2.2.2 Adjust mirror to provide visual observation of arrestee/prisoner.

4.23.2.3. Vehicle without cage:

4.23.2.3.1. Place in right front seat, handcuffed behind the back and seatbelted in (use leg restraints if permitted by department policy).

4.23.2.3.2. Make sure weapon is secure or placed away from potential access by arrestee or prisoner.

4.23.2.3.3. Use peripheral vision to observe arrestee or prisoner.

4.23.2.4. Search vehicle after transport of every arrestee or prisoner.

4.23.2.5. Identify appropriate medical and biohazard precautions to take should arrestee possibly have an airborne or bloodborne pathogen:

4.23.2.5.1. Protective masks and personal protective equipment.

4.23.2.5.2. Cleaning hands, face, masks and vehicle after transport.

4.23.2.6. Use proper escort techniques during movement by foot from place to place.

4.23.2.6.1. Handcuff arrestee/prisoner with hands to rear.

4.23.2.6.2. Search waistband and pockets for weapons.

4.23.2.6.3. Search head to toe.

4.23.2.6.4. Walk behind the arrestee/prisoner with weapon side away.

4.23.2.6.5. Allow reaction space if possible.

4.23.2.6.6. Observe arrestee/prisoner at each destination.

4.23.2.7. Meet federal requirements for movement of arrestees/prisoners through public transportation such as train or plane.

4.23.2.8. Overall:

4.23.2.8.1. Do not let arrestee/prisoner out of your sight.

4.23.2.8.2 Do not relax after cuffing.

4.23.2.8.3. Use additional restraints or flex cuffs according to department policy.

4.23.2.8.4. Make contact with arm of an arrestee/prisoner if needed for arrestee/prisoner balance.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Search of a vehicle under probable cause or incident to arrest:

a. Reference legal section (2. 32.)

b. Identify techniques for a vehicle search.

1. Weapons

2. Contraband

3. Evidence

2. Transport and escort of arrestees or prisoners to various destinations.

a. Search and secure arrestee prior to departure to an outside destination and prior to leaving facility to return to place of incarceration:

1. Handcuff arrestee/prisoner with hands to rear.

2. Search waistband and pockets for weapons.

3. Search head to toe (Use appropriate techniques for cross-gender searches.).

4. Move to the patrol vehicle:

a. Protect head while placing arrestee/prisoner in vehicle.

b. Fasten seatbelt around arrestee/prisoner.

5. Vehicle with cage:

a. Place in right rear, handcuffed and seatbelted in.

b. Adjust mirror to provide visual observation of arrestee/prisoner.

6. Vehicle without cage:

a. Place in right front seat, handcuffed behind the back and seatbelted in (use leg restraints if permitted by department policy).

b. Make sure weapon is secure or placed away from potential access by arrestee or prisoner.

c. Use peripheral vision to observe arrestee or prisoner.

b. Search vehicle after transport of every arrestee or prisoner.

c. Identify appropriate medical and biohazard precautions to take should arrestee possibly have an airborne or bloodborne pathogen:

1. Protective masks and personal protective equipment.

2. Cleaning hands, face, masks and vehicle after transport.

d. Use proper escort techniques during movement by foot from place to place:

1. Handcuff arrestee/prisoner with hands to rear.

2. Search waistband and pockets for weapons.

3. Search head to toe.

4. Walk behind the arrestee/prisoner with weapon side away.

5. Allow reaction space if possible.

6. Observe arrestee/prisoner while at each destination.

e. Meet federal requirements for transportation of arrestees/prisoners through public transportation such as train or plane.

f. Overall:

1. Do not let suspect/arrestee out of your sight.

2. Do not relax after cuffing.

3. Use additional restraints or flex cuffs according to department policy.

4. Contact with arm of an arrestee/prisoner may be made if needed for arrestee/prisoner balance.

Instructor Notes: Advise trainees that they will need to identify department policy on transporting intoxicated persons to detox, jail or lockup during department training. Advise trainees that they will need to identify department policy on use of restraints and safety equipment while transporting arrestees during department training.

Performance Outcome 4.24.

Conduct stationary and moving surveillance of individuals, vehicles, specific activities, etc.

Training Objective Related to 4.24.

1. Given a written exercise, identify factors to consider in conducting stationary and moving surveillance of individuals, vehicles, specific activities, etc.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.24.1. Identify reasons to conduct stationary surveillance.

4.24.2. Identify locations from which surveillance may be conducted.

4.24.3. Identify equipment that may assist in a surveillance.

4.24.4. Identify ways to stay alert during surveillance.

4.24.5. Identify methods for initiating, conducting, and concluding a moving surveillance of individuals, vehicles, activities, etc.,

4.24.6. Identify reasons to conclude a surveillance.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Identify reasons to conduct stationary surveillance:

a. Locate a suspect.

b. Identify and locate specific illegal activity.

c. Protect persons or property.

d. Others as may be identified.

2. Identify locations from which surveillance may be conducted:

a. Using a car.

b. Using another building near the one where person or activity may be located.

c. Using natural surroundings (trees, bushes, etc.).

3. Identify equipment that may assist in a surveillance:

a. Binoculars/telescope

b. Camera

c. Radio communications

d. Disguises

e. Newspapers, books, maps, etc.

4. Identify ways to stay alert during surveillance:

a. Review photo in order to identify a person being sought from a distance.

b. Frequently check for person or for a specific activity (such as a drug buy or graffiti starting).

c. Change positions with moves that are appropriate for the surveillance setting.

5. Identify methods for initiating, conducting, and concluding a moving surveillance of individuals, vehicles, activities, etc.:

a. Identify why the individual(s) are wanted.

b. Identify numbers of people and/or vehicles needed to conduct the moving surveillance.

c. Identify the communications coordination needed.

d. Identify the approach to be used as a coordinated effort to effect arrest.

e. Document the information related to the surveillance from start to end.

6. Identify reasons to conclude a surveillance:

a. Recognize the person or activity that is in violation of the law.

b. Move to make the arrest or direct an arrest team as part of a coordinated effort.

c. Determine that the person or activity is not in violation of the law and end the surveillance.

Performance Outcome 4.25.

Pursue a suspected offender on foot.

Training Objective Related to 4.25.

1. Given a written or practical exercise, identify considerations for safely pursuing a suspected offender on foot.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.25.1. Secure vehicle.

4.25.2. Use radio to give location, description of suspect.

4.25.3. Be aware of hazards (natural and manmade).

4.25.4. Coordinate pursuit with responding units.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Secure vehicle.

2. Use radio to give location, description of suspect.

3. Be aware of hazards (natural and manmade).

4. Coordinate pursuit with responding units.

a. Back-up

b. K-9 (if available)

c. Aviation (if available)

d. Any other special units available

Performance Outcome 4.26.

Instruct bystanders to assist.

Training Objective Related to 4.26.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the Code of Virginia section related to refusal to assist a law enforcement officer and the circumstances wherein an officer may call upon a bystander to assist.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.26.1. The Code of Virginia section related to refusal to assist a law enforcement officer (§18.2-463).

4.26.2. The circumstances wherein an officer may call upon a bystander for assistance:

4.26.2.1. Life of the officer or other person may be saved by bystander assistance.

4.26.2.2. A crime may be prevented and the risk to the bystander and public is not grave.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. The Code of Virginia section Related to refusal to assist a law enforcement officer (§18.2-463).

2. The circumstances wherein an officer may call upon a bystander for assistance:

a. Life of the officer or other person may be saved by bystander assistance.

b. A crime may be prevented and the risk to the bystander and public is not grave.

Performance Outcome 4.27.

Direct actions of officers or other emergency personnel arriving to assist.

Training Objective Related to 4.27.

1. Given a written or practical exercise, identify factors to be considered when directing actions of officer(s) or other emergency personnel arriving to assist.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.27.1. Type of incident

4.27.2. Location

4.27.3. Number of suspects

4.27.4. Weapon(s) involved

4.27.5. Citizens/vehicles in area

4.27.6. Number of officers available

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Type of incident

2. Location

3. Number of suspects

4. Weapon(s) involved

5. Citizens/vehicles in area

6. Number of officers available

Performance Outcome 4.28.

Guard an arrested suspect.

Training Objective Related to 4.28.

1. Given a written or practical exercise, identify safety and security considerations and techniques related to guarding an arrested subject.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.28.1. Officer and arrestee safety:

4.28.1.1. Officer safety precautions:

4.28.1.1.1. Secure weapons.

4.28.1.1.2. Do not relax after cuffing.

4.28.1.1.3. Be aware of others not under arrest who may attempt to assist arrestee.

4.28.1.2. Arrestee safety precautions:

4.28.1.2.1. Possible injuries during arrest.

4.28.1.2.2.  Possible attempts by others to injure the arrestee.

4.28.2. Techniques related to guarding an arrested subject:

4.28.2.1. Handcuff arrestee/prisoner with hands to rear.

4.28.2.2.. Search waistband and pockets for weapons.

4.28.2.3. Walk behind the arrestee with weapon side away.

4.28.2.4. Allow reaction space, if possible.

4.28.2.5. Observe arrestee at all times.

4.28.2.6. Use additional restraints or flex cuffs if needed and according to department policy.

4.28.2.7. Make contact with arm of an arrestee if needed.

4.28.2.8. Be aware of surroundings and other persons.

4.28.2.9. Move arrested subject(s) to a safe location for his/her physical safety.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Officer and arrestee safety:

a. Officer safety precautions:

1. Secure weapons.

2. Do not relax after cuffing.

3. Be aware of others not under arrest who may attempt to assist arrestee.

b. Arrestee safety precautions:

1. Possible injuries during arrest.

2. Possible attempts by others to injure the arrestee.

2. Techniques:

1. Handcuff arrestee/prisoner with hands to rear.

2. Search waistband and pockets for weapons.

3. Walk behind the arrestee with weapon side away.

4. Allow reaction space, if possible.

5. Observe arrestee at all times.

6. Use additional restraints or flex cuffs if needed and according to department policy.

7. Make contact with arm of an arrestee if needed.

8. Be aware of surroundings and other persons.

9. Move arrested subject(s) to a safe location for his/her physical safety.

Performance Outcome 4.29.

Verify that a warrant is valid on its face.

Training Objective Related to 4.29.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the factors to be present for a valid warrant.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.29.1. For a search warrant:

4.29.1.1. Check dates.

4.29.1.2. Check description of location and/or address.

4.29.1.3. Check affidavit information.

4.29.1.4. Check articles to be searched fo.r

4.29.1.5. Check criminal code violation.

4.29.1.6. Check for signature of judge, magistrate or clerk of the court.

4.29.2. For an arrest warrant:

4.29.2.1. Date

4.29.2.2. Charge

4.29.2.3. Identifying information of person to be arrested

4.29.2.4. Signature of magistrate, judge or clerk of court

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. For a search warrant:

a. Check dates.

b. Check description of location and/or address.

c. Check affidavit information.

d. Check articles to be searched for.

e. Check criminal code violation.

f. Check for signature of judge, magistrate or clerk of the court.

2. For an arrest warrant:

a. Date

b. Charge

c. Identifying information of person to be arrested.

d. Signature of magistrate, judge or clerk of court.

3. No changes are to be made to either a search or arrest warrant after it is signed and issued by the judge, magistrate or clerk of the court.

Performance Outcome 4.30.

Conduct a preliminary investigation of events related to fraud.

Training Objective Related to 4.30.

1. Given a written or practical exercise, identify the duties of the first responding officer to events related to fraud.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.30.1. Notify proper authorities.

4.30.2. Protect the crime scene according to requirements of the nature of the crime.

4.30.3. Locate witnesses.

4.30.4. Assist as needed on scene.

4.30.5. Complete necessary reports.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Notify proper authorities.

2. Protect the crime scene according to requirements of the nature of the crime.

3. Locate witnesses.

4. Assist as needed on scene.

5. Complete necessary reports:

a. Determining if false ID was used.

b. Victim statement

c. Witness statement (if any)

d. Other evidence (if any)

Performance Outcome 4.31.

Respond to and conduct a preliminary investigation of events related to gambling.

Training Objective Related to 4.31.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the duties of the first responding officer to events related to gambling.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.31.1. Notify proper authorities.

4.31.2. Protect the crime scene according to requirements of the nature of the crime.

4.31.3. Locate witnesses.

4.31.4. Assist as needed on scene.

4.31.5. Complete necessary reports.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Notify proper authorities.

2. Protect the crime scene according to requirements of the nature of the crime.

3. Locate witnesses.

4. Assist as needed on scene.

5. Complete necessary reports.

Performance Outcome 4.32.

Respond to and conduct a preliminary investigation of events related to prostitution and sexual offenses.

Training Objective Related to 4.32.

1. Given a written or practical exercise, identify the duties of the first responding officer to events related to prostitution and sexual offenses.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.32.1. Notify proper authorities.

4.32.2. Protect the crime scene according to requirements of the nature of the crime.

4.32.3. Locate witnesses.

4.32.4. Assist as needed on scene.

4.32.5. Complete necessary reports.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Notify proper authorities.

2. Protect the crime scene according to requirements of the nature of the crime.

3. Locate witnesses.

4. Assist as needed on scene.

5. Complete necessary reports.

Performance Outcome 4.33.

Conduct a preliminary investigation of events related to forgery/uttering and counterfeiting, and follow-up when assigned.

Training Objective Related to 4.33.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the duties of the first responding officer to conduct a preliminary investigation of events related to forgery/uttering and counterfeiting.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.33.1. Notify proper authorities.

4.33.2. Protect the crime scene according to requirements of the nature of the crime.

4.33.3. Locate witnesses.

4.33.4. Assist as needed on scene.

4.33.5. Complete necessary reports.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Notify proper authorities.

2. Protect the crime scene according to requirements of the nature of the crime.

3. Locate witnesses.

4. Assist as needed on scene.

5. Complete necessary reports.

Performance Outcome 4.34.

Inform a crime victim about the procedures to file a claim.

Training Objectives Related to 4.34.

1. Given a written or practical exercise, identify information to provide to victims about procedures to file claims pursuant to the Victim/Witness Assistance Program.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.34.1. Victim/Witness Assistance Program.

4.34.2. Requirement to provide written information to victims under the Code of Virginia.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Victim/Witness Assistance Program.

2. Requirement to provide written information to victims under the Code of Virginia, §19.2-11.01(a).

Instructor Note: Contact the DCJS Victim/Witness Assistance Program for materials useful to developing a detailed lesson plan for this objective.

Performance Outcome 4.35.

Inform a crime victim about the procedures to pursue prosecution.

Training Objectives Related to 4.35.

1. Given a written, audio-visual, or practical exercise, provide information to crime victims about the procedures to pursue prosecution.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.35.1. Procedures to obtain a warrant.

4.35.2. General process that occurs in prosecuting an arrested person.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Procedures to obtain a warrant.

2. General process that occurs in prosecuting an arrested person.

Performance Outcome 4.36.

Determine the need for and type of assistance required related to a medical aid call.

Training Objectives Related to 4.36.

1. Given a written or practical exercise, identify the responsibilities of the first responding officer for a medical aid call.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.36.1. Render basic first aid or CPR, if needed.

4.36.2. Communicate with emergency services regarding victim.

4.36.3. Interview witnesses.

4.36.4. Record findings in a standard report to assist investigation in determining what, if any, crime has occurred.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Define aid call or medical assistance and statutory coverage (§8.01-225).

2. Render medical assistance in accordance with training:

a. Recognize bio-hazard possibilities.

b. Use appropriate precautions.

3. Maintain awareness of potential criminal activity and if identified, respond accordingly.

4. Communicate with emergency services regarding victim.

5. Interview witnesses.

6. Record findings in a standard report to assist investigation in determining what, if any, crime has occurred.

Instructor Note: Emphasize using appropriate equipment.

Performance Outcome 4.37.

Assess the need of an arrestee for medical attention.

Training Objectives Related to 4.37.

1. Given a written exercise, identify steps to cover in assessing the physical condition of an arrestee to determine need for medical attention.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.37.1. Visually inspect for visible injuries.

4.37.2. Question arrestee on past history, i.e., diabetes, epilepsy, severe allergies.

4.37.3. Observe conduct for abnormal behavior.

4.37.4. If in doubt, contact medical personnel.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Visual inspection for visible injuries using appropriate precautions.

2. Questions to ask arrestee on past history, i.e., diabetes, epilepsy, severe allergies.

3. Observing conduct for abnormal behavior.

4. In doubt, contact medical personnel.

Performance Outcome 4.38.

Respond to calls for service related to disasters and various rescue operations.

Training Objectives Related to 4.38.

1. Given a written exercise, identify the role of law enforcement personnel at the scene of a disaster.

2. Given a written exercise, identify the functions of the patrol officer/first responder as part of the Incident Command System.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.38.1. Identify and explain the Code section enabling local counties, cities, and towns to establish local ordinances that deal with disaster.

4.38.2. Define what generally constitutes a disaster.

4.38.3. Identify factors related to handling disasters (air crashes, etc.) and various rescue operations involving the military.

4.38.4. Define the Incident Command System (ICS):

4.38.4.1. Identify the components of ICS.

4.38.4.2. Identify the structure of ICS.

4.38.4.3. Identify the purpose of unified command under ICS.

4.38.4.4. Identify the role of the first responding patrol officer under ICS.

4.38.4.5. Identify communications protocol under ICS.

4.38.4.6. Identify the transfer of command by the first responding patrol officer under ICS.

4.38.5. Explain the purpose of the National Incident Management System (NIMS):

4.38.5.1. Identify the Executive Order of the Governor requiring NIMS in Virginia.

4.38.5.2. Identify the presidential directive related to NIMS.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Identify and explain the Code section enabling local counties, cities, and towns to establish local ordinances that deal with disaster. (§15.2 and §44-146.19).

2. Define what generally constitutes a disaster.

3. Identify factors related to handling disasters (air crashes, etc.) and various rescue operations involving the military.

4. Define the Incident Command System (ICS):

a. Identify the components of ICS.

b. Identify the structure of ICS.

c. Identify the purpose of unified command under ICS.

d. Identify the role of the first responding patrol officer under ICS.

e. Identify communications protocol under ICS.

f. Identify the transfer of command by the first responding patrol officer under ICS.

5. Explain the purpose of the National Incident Management System (NIMS):

a. Identify the Executive Order of the Governor requiring NIMS in Virginia.

b. Identify the presidential directive related to NIMS.

Instructor Note: Advise trainees that they will identify components of department emergency response plan for disasters as part of their department training.

Special Note: Completion of the four-hour training Incident Command System – Awareness Level will accomplish the goals of number 4 and 5 of this lesson plan guide and prepare the trainee to be tested on it.

Performance Outcome 4.39.

Direct drivers using flashlight, illuminated baton, whistle or hand signals while controlling traffic and use proper body mechanics for directing multiple lanes of traffic.

Training Objectives Related to 4.39.

Given a practical exercise:

1. Direct traffic using hand signals and whistle to instruct drivers.

2. Demonstrate techniques for directing traffic using a flashlight or illuminated baton.

3. Demonstrate proper body mechanics to direct multiple lanes of traffic.

Criteria: The trainee shall be tested on the following:

4.39.1. Procedures for stopping traffic.

4.39.2. Procedures for starting traffic.

4.39.3. Procedures for slowing traffic.

4.39.4. Body mechanics for twisting in any direction.

4.39.5. Flexion/extension of arm and hand (pulling in or extending arm and hand).

4.39.6. Rotation of arm and hand.

4.39.7. Abduction/adduction of arm (movement of arm toward body and away from body).

4.39.8. Circumlocution of arm (circular movement of arm).

4.39.9. Sustaining repetitive upper extremity movement for a prolonged period.

4.39.10. Use of whistle for directing traffic.

Lesson Plan Guide: The lesson plan shall include the following:

1. Techniques for using hand signals, flashlight, or illuminated baton to direct traffic following correct procedures:

a. Procedures for stopping traffic.

b. Procedures for starting traffic.

c. Procedures for slowing traffic.

d. Procedures for changing direction of traffic.

e. Procedures for merging traffic.

2. Proper body mechanics for directing multiple lanes of traffic:

a. Body mechanics for twisting in any direction.

b. Flexion/extension of arm and hand (pulling in or extending arm and hand).

c. Rotation of arm and hand.

d. Abduction/adduction of arm (movement of arm toward body and away from body).

e. Circumlocution of arm (circular movement of arm).